【中考英语语法汇总】介词语法讲解

（一）介词概述
介词是一种虚词，在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配，构成固定短语，表示不同意 思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语，表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。2000—2005年的中 考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配：如：be famous for；表示时间的介词，如：at night；动词与介词的搭配，如：arrive in/have dinner with sb.；表示方式、手段的介词，如：by phone/in English.

（二）基础知识梳理

1．名词与介词的搭配
a bit of有一点儿                                  a couple of两个、几个
a kind of一种、一类                             cover an area of占地面积
have pity on sb.怜悯某人                      huge amounts of大量的
make friends with与……交朋友               make fun of拿……开玩笑
meet the needs of迎合……的需要           one after another一个接一个；连续地
play a trick on捉弄                             the week after next下下周

2．动词与介词的搭配
agree with sb.同意某人的意见               apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉
arrive at/in a place到达某地                 ask for请求、寻求
be covered with被……所覆盖                 be made of由……制成
be made up of由……组成                     belong to属于
break into破门而人、闯入                     call on拜访
care for照顾、喜欢                              carry out执行
check in办理登机                                come across被理解；遇见
come from出生于、来自                       come on跟我来、走吧
communicate with与……交                   cut down砍倒
deal with= do with处理                      depend on= rely on依靠、依赖
die of因……病而死                               dream of梦见
dress up穿着、打扮                             eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬
enter for报名参加                               fall off从……跌落
fill in填充、填写                                 find out找出、查明、了解
get along/on with进展、与……相处         get in the way挡道
get in进入、收集                                get on上车
get off下车                                       get rid of摆脱
get ready for为…．作准备                    get to到达
get tired of对……感到厌倦                    go in for参加、从事于、酷爱 ，'^
go ahead先走、向前走；去吧                 go for a swim去游泳
go on a diet实行节食                          go over复习
go on with继续做某事                          grow up长大、成长
hand in上交                                      hear from收到……的来信
hear of听说                                       help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
hold on等等（别挂电话）                      hold up举起
hurry off匆忙离开                               join．n参加、加入
keep... from使……不做                        keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep off阻挡；不让接近                       knock over撞倒、撞翻
later on过来；后来                             laugh at嘲笑
learn.., from向……学习                       leave for动身去
let out放出                                      line up整队；排成行
live on靠……为生                               look after照顾；照料
look at看；观看                                look for寻找
look forward to期待着                       look like看上去像；显得
look out of从……朝外看                      look up查寻；抬头看
make out辨认出                               make up one's mind下决心
meet with遭遇                                 operate on sb.为……动手术
pay for付……钱                                 pick out拾起
play with玩弄                                  point at指向；指着
point out指出                                  praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人
prefer... to(比起……来)更喜欢              prepare for准备
protect... from保护……免受                 pull down推倒
put off延期                                     put on穿；戴上；上演
put out伸出                                    put up举起；挂起
run after追捕；追踪                          run away逃跑
search for搜寻；搜查                         see off为……送行
sell out售完                                    set out/off for出发去……；起程去……
set up建立；设立．                           shake hands with与……握手
share with与……分享                         show off炫耀
show sb around带某人参观                 shut up住口
speed up加快速度                            阻止……做
take away拿走                                take care of照料
take charge of负责；管理；                take hold of抓住
take in吸入                                    take off脱掉（衣物等）；起飞
take out取出                                  take part in参加 
take up开始从事                              talk about谈到
talk to/with与...谈话                        tell... from区别；分辨
think of想起；想到                           think over仔细考虑
throw away扔掉                              tie up捆绑
try on 试穿                                     turn down（把音量）调低
turn into变成                                   turn off关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）
turn on开，旋开（电灯、电视、收音机等）                        turn over翻车；翻阅；翻身
turn out结果是；证明是                     wake up醒来；叫醒
wait for等待；等候                           write down写下
work out算出；制定出

3. 形容词与介词的搭配

be afraid of害怕                                           be angry with生气
be bad for有害于                                           be busy with 忙于
be careful with小心                                       be different from与……不同
be familiar to为……所熟悉                               be famous for以……而闻名
be fond of爱好                                             be good at/poor at擅长于/在……方面比较差
be interested in对……感兴趣                           be keen on喜爱
be late for……迟到                                         be located in/on/at位于
be pleased with对……满意                               be proud of为……而感到自豪
be ready for为……做准备                                  be surprised at对……感到惊奇
be thankful to对……很感激                               be used to习惯于
be worried about为……而担心                           far away from离……遥远
plenty of许多

4.其他介词

1）表示时间的介词

after school放学后                                         at first起先，开始的时候
at once=in no time立刻；马上                          at present现在；目前
at the same time同时                                    at the moment此时；当时；目前；那时
from now on从此以后                                      from time to time不时；有时
in a minute一会儿                                          in one’s fifties在某人五十多岁时
in the end=at last最后；终于                           in the future在将来
in the years to come在即将来临的几年中              in time及时
out of date过时

2）表示事物之间位置的介词

at school在学校；在上课                                  at work在工作
in front of在……前面                                      in hospital住院
in line成一排；成一直线                                  in the middle of在……中间
next to紧挨着；紧靠着                                   on one’s side在某人一边
on the right在右边                                       on the other hand另一方面
on show 在展出                                          out of从……里出来；缺乏
over there在那边                                         up and down上上下下

3）表示方式、手段的介词
 by bus乘公共汽车                                       by oneself亲自
by phone= on the phone打电话                     by the way顺便说；顺便问一下
in a hurry匆忙                                            in English用英语
in one's opinion根据某人的看法                      in return作为回报
instead of代替；而不是                                 in surprise惊奇地
in this way这样                                          on business有事；出差．
on foot步行；走路                                       on holiday在休假
on the/one's way to在去……的路上                  with great care非常小心
with one voice异口同声                                with one's own eyes亲眼（目睹）
with the help of在……的帮助下

4)表示原因、目的的介词
because of因为                                         in order to为了
for example例如                                        with pleasure愉快地

5)表示根据、所属、比较等的介词
according to按照                                       after all终究；毕竟
belong to属于                                          in all总共
in charge of负责                                       in fact事实上
in trouble处于困境中                                  not… at all．一点也不；根本不
of course当然                                          the same…as与……同样