朝鲜邻国称赞“文金会”,中日疑虑犹存

China, Japan and Russia — North Korea’s neighbors — while offering praise for the summit meeting with South Korea that riveted the world this week, appeared to acknowledge one thing: Now comes the hard part.

与朝鲜为邻的中国、日本与俄罗斯盛赞本周牵动世界的朝韩首脑会议，与此同时，它们似乎也承认一件事：现在迎来了困难的部分。

Some analysts and media commentators expressed skepticism about the lack of specifics in the accord struck on Friday by the two countries to work toward nuclear disarmament and a peace treaty.

两国于周五达成的协议旨在实现核裁军和和平条约，因为该协议缺乏具体细节，一些分析师和媒体评论员对它持怀疑态度。

They also warned that the agreement between the two Koreas would not amount to much unless the United States gave its approval at the coming meeting between President Trump and the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un.

他们还警告说，朝韩之间的协议除非在特朗普总统和朝鲜领导人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)即将举行的会面上获得美国首肯，否则不会有太多进展。

Others were more encouraging, suggesting that the agreement to work toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula could be achieved in time.

还有一些人则持比较乐观的态度，认为令朝鲜半岛向完全无核化方向努力的协议可以按时达成。

The North’s neighbors all have their own stakes in holding Pyongyang to any commitment that may come out of future talks.

未来谈判中平壤做出的一切承诺能否得到履行，关系到每一个朝鲜邻国的切身利益。

China, which has been enforcing United Nations economic sanctions against North Korea, its longtime but wayward ally, urged the two Koreas and other countries to “maintain the momentum for dialogue and work together to promote the denuclearization of the peninsula.”

长期以来，朝鲜是中国难以驾驭的盟友，中国一直在执行联合国对朝鲜的经济制裁，它敦促朝韩和其他国家“保持对话势头，合力推动半岛无核化”。

“China welcomes it and extends its congratulations,” Lu Kang, the spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said of the accord.

“中国对此表示祝贺和欢迎，”外交部发言人陆慷在谈到协议时说。

The Japanese prime minister, Shinzo Abe, described the commitment to denuclearization as a “positive move toward the comprehensive settlement of various issues surrounding North Korea.”

日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)说无核化承诺是“面向全面解决朝鲜各种问题的积极举措”。

In Russia, the Kremlin hailed the agreement as “very positive.” Dmitri S. Peskov, spokesman for President Vladimir V. Putin, said Mr. Putin “has stressed many times that sustainable conflict resolution on the Korean Peninsula can only be based on direct dialogue of both sides.”

在俄罗斯，克里姆林宫称赞该协议“非常积极”。弗拉基米尔·V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)总统的发言人德米特里·S·佩斯科夫( Dmitri S. Peskov)说，普京“多次强调，朝鲜半岛可持续的冲突解决办法只能基于双方直接对话。”

The accord set no timetable for denuclearization but said that the two sides planned to achieve a permanent peace within the year. Talks to end the 1950-53 Korean War would require negotiations involving the main combatants: North and South Korea, China and the United States.

该协定没有制定无核化的时间表，但表示双方计划在今年内实现永久和平。要结束1950至1953年的朝鲜战争，需要在朝鲜和韩国，中国和美国这四个主要参战国之间进行谈判。

In Japan, there was caution about the lack of specifics in the inter-Korean accord. The document fell far short of the Trump administration’s demands for the dismantlement of the North’s arsenal and of the need for inspections to verify that the weapons no longer existed, officials and commentators said.

在日本，有人警告说朝韩之间的协定缺乏具体细节。一些官员和评论人士认为，该文件远远没有达到特朗普政府要求的核武装解除；也没有谈及对核武解除状况进行核查的必要性。

The Japanese foreign minister, Taro Kono, called for North Korea to take “concrete actions for the dismantlement of all weapons of mass destruction, including biological and chemical weapons, and ballistic missiles of all ranges in a complete and irreversible manner.”

日本外务大臣河野太郎(Taro Kono)呼吁朝鲜“采取切实行动，以全面和不可逆转的方式拆除所有大规模杀伤性武器，包括生物和化学武器，以及各种弹道导弹。”

Analysts in the Japanese news media also expressed doubts that Friday’s meeting was more than symbolic.

日本新闻媒体的分析人士也怀疑，周五的会谈是否仅仅是象征性的。

“Harmony was fully shown, but it’s a big mistake to interpret that there was big progress substantially,” an editorial in the right-leaning newspaper Sankei said, adding, “It’s very doubtful that the ‘denuclearization’ mentioned in the joint statement matches what has been discussed between Mr. Abe and Mr. Trump.”

“会谈充分展现了和谐，但如果将之解读为大幅进展，那就大错特错了，”右倾报纸《产经新闻》(Sankei)的一篇社论说：“联合声明中提到的‘无核化’是否能与安倍和特朗普所讨论的无核化相提并论，这一点非常值得怀疑”

Mr. Abe, who has strained relations with South Korea, implied that the new accord may not be too different from a similar commitment in 2007 between a previous South Korean president, Roh Moo-hyun, and Kim Jong-il, the father of the current North Korean leader. That accord fell apart soon after it was signed.

与韩国关系紧张的安倍晋三表示，新协议可能与2007年韩国前总统卢武铉与现任朝鲜领导人之父金正日之间的类似承诺并无太大差异。那项协议在签署不久后就作废了。

“We would like to think about how we respond to the current statement, analyzing and comparing it with the past statement,” Mr. Abe said.

“我们要考虑如何对当前的声明做出回应，对之进行分析，并与过去的声明进行比较，”安倍晋三说。

Of all the North’s neighbors, Japan is perhaps the most uneasy about the process that began at the inter-Korean summit meeting. It fears Washington could agree to trade away the North’s long-range intercontinental missiles that can hit the United States, but allow Pyongyang to keep its medium-range missiles, leaving Japan vulnerable.

在朝鲜的所有邻国中，对于朝韩峰会所启动的进程，日本可能是感觉最为不安的国家。它担心华盛顿可能会将朝鲜拆除可打击美国的远程洲际导弹作为交换条件，但会允许平壤保留中程导弹，将日本置于危险之中。

Mr. Abe went out of his way to remind reporters that he had spent 11 hours with Mr. Trump this month, insisting his proximity to the American president meant he had not been left out of the negotiations over North Korea.

安倍特意提醒记者，4月份，他和特朗普共度了11个小时，坚称他与美国总统的亲近意味着他没有被排除在朝鲜问题谈判之外。

On Saturday morning, President Trump wrote in a Twitter post that he “just had a long and very good talk with President Moon of South Korea,” and added that he had also spoken with Mr. Abe “to inform him of the ongoing negotiations.”

周六上午，特朗普总统在Twitter上发帖称，他“与韩国总统文在寅进行了长时间的、非常友好的谈话”，还表示，他也与安倍晋三进行了交谈，“告知他正在进行的谈判的情况”。

In China, the state-run news media, which generally reflects the attitudes of the government, stressed the need for the United States to quickly enter the picture and seal the deal made between South Korea’s president, Moon Jae-in, and Mr. Kim.

在中国，通常反映政府态度的官方新闻媒体强调，美国需要迅速参与，敲定韩国总统文在寅和金正恩达成的协议。

“The Kim-Moon summit will write the goal of denuclearization and strive to end the state of war in the Declaration of Panmunjom,” one Chinese newspaper, the Global Times, said in an editorial. “But they are all writing about the vision rather than the exact plan.”

“金文会把无核化目标和争取结束战争状态都写进了《板门店宣言》，”中国报纸《环球时报》在社论中说，“但写的都是愿景，而不是确切的计划。”

Cheng Xiaohe, a professor of international relations at Renmin University, said it was too much to expect the two Korean leaders to come up with a definitive prescription for ending the North’s nuclear program in just one day.

中国人民大学国际关系学教授成晓河表示，期望朝韩两国领导人在一天之内拿出结束朝鲜核项目的最终方案，是过高的期望。

“Kim Jong-un has to leave some gifts for Trump,” Mr. Cheng said. “This summit got a lot of results for an inter-Korean meeting.”

“金正恩必须给特朗普留一些礼物，”成晓河说。“作为朝韩之间的一次会议，这次峰会取得了很多成果。”

But there was no question that China remained sidelined in the rapprochement between North and South, and it was nowhere to be seen in the prelude to the meeting between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim, said Shen Zhihua, a prominent Chinese historian who has written extensively on North Korea.

不过，曾写过大量关于朝鲜的文章的中国著名史学家沈志华表示，毫无疑问，中国在朝韩和解中仍处于边缘地位，在特朗普与金正恩会晤之前，没有看到中国的任何踪迹。

North Korea’s goal was to keep its nuclear weapons and to be recognized as a nuclear power, Mr. Shen said in an interview broadcast by Voice of America.

沈志华在接受美国之音(Voice of America)广播采访时表示，朝鲜的目标是保留自己的核武器，被承认为一个核大国。

In the end, the North could persuade other countries to let it keep its nuclear arsenal, or at least part of it. And in the process, Mr. Shen said, China could be left permanently on the outside — with North Korea leaning toward the United States.

最后，朝鲜可能会说服其他国家允许它保留核武库，或者至少保留其中一部分。沈志华表示，在这个过程中，中国可能会被永远留在局外，朝鲜会转而依靠美国。

“Many Chinese people are very optimistic now,” he said, but added: “It does not seem that simple. If North Korea holds a nuclear weapon, it will not hit South Korea. Will it hit Japan? It does not dare. It also will not dare to fight the United States. If you look at history, North Korea is not sure about China and has a mind of revenge toward China.”

“现在很多人非常乐观，”他说。但他表示，“好像不是那么简单的事儿。朝鲜拥核它是不会打韩国的。它也不敢打日本，更不敢打美国，这个看看历史就知道了，朝鲜对中国既不放心，又有一种复仇的心理。”

In addition, families of Japanese citizens abducted by North Korean spies four decades ago had hoped that Mr. Moon would raise the issue in his meeting with Mr. Kim. That seemed a distant hope. Human rights activists who asked Mr. Moon to get commitments from Mr. Kim on reforming the North’s vicious prison system were also disappointed.

此外，40年前被朝鲜间谍绑架的日本公民的家人希望文在寅同金正恩会晤时提起这个问题。这个希望很渺茫。那些请求文在寅从金正恩那里得到承诺，改革朝鲜残暴监狱系统的人权活动人士也感到失望。

Speaking to reporters in front of his home in Saitama, a suburb of Tokyo, Shigeo Iizuka, a brother of Yaeko Taguchi, one of the kidnapped, said that he was “disappointed” the abductions were not mentioned in the joint statement.

被绑架的田口八重子(Yaeko Taguchi)的哥哥饭冢成夫（Shigeo Iizuka，音）在东京郊区埼玉县家中接受记者采访时表示，他对联合声明中没有提及绑架感到“失望”。

The summit meeting, Mr. Iizuka said, “was a big event that will be remembered as a page of history. I got the impression it was a superficial performance without substance.”

饭冢表示，这次峰会“是会被载入史册的大事。但我的印象是，它是一场没有实质内容的肤浅表演”。