美国国务院人权报告指中俄威胁全球稳定

The Trump administration on Friday labeled Russia and China threats to global stability, saying that their poor human rights records put the countries, the United States’ principle strategic rivals, in the same ranks as Iran and North Korea.

特朗普政府周五给美国主要的战略竞争对手俄罗斯和中国贴上了威胁全球稳定的标签，称两国糟糕的人权记录让它们沦落到伊朗和朝鲜的行列。

“The Russian government continues to quash dissent and civil society even while it invades its neighbors and undermines the sovereignty of Western nations,” the acting secretary of state, John J. Sullivan, said in brief remarks as the State Department released its annual report on global human rights in 2017.

在美国国务院发布2017年全球人权年度报告时，代理国务卿约翰·J·沙利文(John J. Sullivan)发表简短讲话称，“在侵略邻国、暗中颠覆西方国家主权的同时，俄罗斯政府继续压制不同政见和公民社会。”

The government report, mandated by Congress, catalogs human rights problems around the world, offering an encyclopedic accounting of government-sponsored murders, forced sterilizations and other egregious acts.

这份由国会授权的政府报告对世界各地的人权问题进行了编目，像百科全书似的统计了政府支持的谋杀、强制绝育和其他恶劣行为。

Mr. Sullivan listed a number of atrocities committed last year, including the slaughter of Syrians by the government of President Bashar al-Assad, the massacres of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar and the continued repression of North Koreans under their leader, Kim Jong-un.

沙利文列举了去年发生的多起暴行，包括叙利亚总统巴沙尔·阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)领导的政府屠杀叙利亚民众、缅甸少数民族罗辛亚人遭受的大屠杀，以及朝鲜领导人金正恩对该国民众的持续镇压。

“Promoting human rights and the idea that every person has inherent dignity is a core element of this administration’s foreign policy,” Mr. Sullivan said. “It also strengthens U.S. national security by fostering greater peace, stability and prosperity around the world.”

“促进人权和人人享有与生俱来的尊严的理念，是本届政府外交政策的核心内容，”沙利文说。“政府还通过促进全世界的和平、稳定和繁荣来加强美国的国家安全。”

Last year pointed to a decided slide toward authoritarianism, but Mr. Sullivan said there were some bright spots, including in Uzbekistan, Liberia and Mexico.

去年是明确无误地滑向威权主义的一年，但沙利文说也有一些亮点，包括乌兹别克斯坦、利比里亚和墨西哥。

The report this year, the first written entirely during the Trump administration, underwent significant alterations that reflected the change in administrations.

今年的报告出现了显著的变化，它们反映了联邦政府的更替，是首份完全在特朗普政府治下完成的人权报告。

John Sifton, an advocacy director at Human Rights Watch, said the Trump administration strengthened the report’s criticisms of countries it considers rivals while muting anything directed at nations it considered friendly.

人权观察组织(Human Rights Watch)的宣传主管约翰·西夫顿(John Sifton)说，特朗普政府在报告中加强了对被它视为竞争对手的国家的批评，同时缓和了针对被它视为友好国家的一切言论。

“Those kind of changes make the report seem less fair and thus less credible around the world,” Mr. Sifton said.

“这种变化使报告显得不那么公平，因而在全球范围内也不那么可信，”西夫顿说。

An entire section that last year was titled “Reproductive Rights” was renamed “Coercion in Population Control,” with much of the text, including most references to the availability of birth control, eliminated.

去年题为“生育权”的整个章节改名为“人口控制中的胁迫”，很多内容遭到删除，包括大量提到生育控制可能性的地方。

Another section that had been labeled “Israel and the Occupied Territories” was retitled “Israel, Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza.” The word “occupied” was largely eliminated from the text.

另一个之前名为“以色列和占领区”的章节改名为“以色列、戈兰高地、约旦河西岸和加沙”。报告中基本上没有出现“占领”这个词。

The news media in Israel reported last year that David Friedman, the American ambassador to the country, had asked the State Department to stop using the word “occupation” when referring to the territories, and he has said publicly that settlements in the West Bank are part of Israel.

去年，以色列的新闻媒体报道称，美国驻该国大使戴维·弗里德曼(David Friedman)要求美国国务院在提到相关地区时停止使用“占领”这个词，并公开称约旦河西岸的定居点是以色列的一部分。

The United States has referred to the West Bank as “occupied” for decades. Heather Nauert, the department’s spokeswoman, said in January that the Trump administration had not changed its policy regarding the term “occupied territories.” But in her remarks at the time, she carefully avoided using the word “occupied,” and on Friday, she and other officials declined to answer repeated questions about the word’s almost complete banishment from the report.

美国用“占领”来形容约旦河西岸已有几十年历史。美国国务院发言人希瑟·诺尔特(Heather Nauert)在1月称，特朗普政府没有改变有关“占领区”这个说法的政策。但发表此番言论时，她小心翼翼地避免使用“占领”这个词。周五，她和其他官员多次拒绝回答有关这个词几乎从报告中彻底消失的问题。

As in previous versions, the report identifies problems in 194 nations while excluding the United States, an omission that has long prompted foreign countries to cry hypocrisy.

和以前的报告一样，今年的报告指出了194个国家的问题，但不包括美国。长期以来，把美国排除在外的做法导致外国高呼报告虚伪。

Asked whether this year’s frequent descriptions of news media suppression might be considered particularly problematic in light of President Trump’s musings to reconsider libel laws and penchant for dismissing critical coverage as “fake news,” officials drew a strong line between insulting journalists and killing or jailing them.

在被问及鉴于特朗普总统在重新考虑诽谤法并且喜欢把重要的报道说成是“假新闻”，今年这样频繁描述新闻媒体遭受镇压会不会被认为有问题时，官员们明确地区分了辱骂记者和杀害或关押记者的不同。

“I think the report is very clear about the kind of things that we consider to be inappropriate restrictions on freedom of the media,” said Michael G. Kozak, an ambassador and the senior official in the State Department’s bureau of democracy, human rights and labor. He added that journalists in Cuba “also get called names, but if it were limited to that, they’d be pretty happy as compared to the situation they’re in now.”

“我认为报告对那些在我们看来，是对媒体自由不当限制的行为表述得非常清楚，”国务院民主、人权和劳工事务局高级官员迈克尔·G·科扎克(Michael G. Kozak)大使说道。他接着表示，古巴的记者“也会被骂，但如果仅限于此，和现在的处境相比他们会非常高兴”。

Rob Berschinski, senior vice president for policy at Human Rights First, said that in choosing to almost exclusively single out rival nations to the United States, Mr. Sullivan had given critics an easy means of dismissing the report.

人权第一(Human Rights First)负责政策事务的高级副主席罗伯特·G·博斯钦斯基(Robert G. Berschinski)说，沙利文选择几乎是把美国的竞争对手单挑出来的做法，让批评者轻而易举就能反驳这份报告。

“This administration has taken selective criticism to a new level,” Mr. Berschinski said. “The result is a further weakening of America’s moral legitimacy when it talks about supporting human dignity overseas.”

“本届政府把有选择性的批评上升到了新水平，”博斯钦斯基说。“结果是，谈到在海外支持人类尊严时，美国在道德上的正当性进一步被削弱。”

Last year, former Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson chose to skip the announcement of the report, leading to widespread criticism that the administration was signaling a lack of concern.

去年，前国务卿雷克斯·W·蒂勒森(Rex W. Tillerson)选择不参加报告的发布，引发了外界的广泛批评，认为这表明特朗普政府对人权问题缺乏关心。