德国最大右翼政党领袖呼吁欧盟彻底改革
The EU has five years to carry out radical reform and return power to national governments or face disintegration, says the most prominent leader of Germany’s biggest rightwing party — the anti-immigration and Eurosceptic Alternative for Germany.
反移民、疑欧主义的德国最大右翼政党德国新选择党(Alternative für Deutschland)最著名的领导人表示，欧盟还有5年时间实施彻底的改革并把权力返还给各国政府，否则将面临解体。
Welcoming the UK’s referendum vote, Frauke Petry predicts other countries may follow Britain out of the door, including the Netherlands, Denmark and “at some point” Austria. Germany is behind the rest but is “waking up” to the possibility.
弗劳克•彼得里(Frauke Petry)对英国退欧公投结果表示欢迎。她预计，可能会有其他国家跟随英国退出欧盟，包括荷兰、丹麦，奥地利“在某个阶段”也可能退出。德国的这种意识落后于其他国家，但是也在“逐渐意识到”这种可能性。
“I think we must finally set a deadline for the EU or all EU governments: if we don’t achieve any radical reforms in five years then the [exit] question will be raised also in Germany,” the combative 41-year-old told the FT during a break from her holiday on the Baltic coast.
“我认为我们最后必须为欧盟或所有欧盟政府设定一个最后期限：如果我们没能在5年内实现彻底改革，那么德国也将考虑（退出）问题，”这位好战的41岁领导人在波罗的海海岸度假间隙接受英国《金融时报》(Fianancial Times)采访时表示。
Sitting in a seaside café and wearing a sundress, she blended easily with other tourists in Germany’s elegant resort of Warnemünde. But as she spoke, with her usual rapid-fire delivery, she made clear there would be no summer let-up for the AfD. Later the same day she would address a nearby rally in the party’s campaign for elections on September 4 in the local region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
她坐在海边的咖啡店里，身穿一条无袖连衣裙，与德国度假胜地瓦尔内明德的其他游客没什么两样。但是，她用一贯的连珠炮似的表达方式表明，德国新选择党没有夏日休假期。当天晚些时候，她将在附近一个集会上发表演讲，这次集会是该政党为9月4日梅克伦堡-前波莫瑞州(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)地方选举而举行的竞选集会。
The party touched 15 per cent in national polls at the height of the refugee crisis this year, making it the most successful far-right party in postwar Germany. Support has since softened as arrivals have waned and internal AfD power struggles have burst into the open. The UK’s Brexit vote last month has also prompted many Germans to rally around Chancellor Angela Merkel and the political status quo.
在今年难民危机最严重时期，德国新选择党在德国全国民调中得到了15%的支持率，使之成为二战后德国最成功的极右翼政党。自那时以来，随着抵达德国的难民数量开始下滑以及政党内部权力争斗公开化，德国新选择党的支持率开始下滑。上个月的英国退欧投票也促使很多的德国人重新团结在总理安格拉•默克尔(Angela Merkel)周围，支持政治现状。
Ms Petry’s vision of Europe is one familiar to other rightwing nationalists: she wants a “return to the status of a common market . . . a Europe of sovereign states”.
彼得里对欧洲的愿景与其他右翼民族主义者相似：她想“回到共同市场状态……一个由主权国家组成的欧洲”。
Of more immediate resonance with many voters are the AfD’s calls for restrictions on immigration — demands that may have wider appeal after recent terror attacks by refugees who pledged loyalty to Isis. One involved an axe attack on a train by a 17-year-old Afghan; another assault by a 27-year-old Syrian in Ansbach was Germany’s first suicide bombing.
让很多选民产生更直接共鸣的是，德国新选择党呼吁限制移民——在最近多起由效忠“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS)的难民发动的恐怖袭击事件发生后，该主张可能会吸引更多选民。其中一起袭击事件是一名17岁的阿富汗青年在火车上持斧头袭击乘客；另一起袭击案发生在安斯巴赫，行凶者是27岁的叙利亚人，这是德国发生的首起自杀式爆炸袭击。
“The victims don’t care whether the perpetrator is a jihadi or a frustrated rampager . . . What more has to happen before we begin to check who comes into our country?” said Ms Petry, vowing the AfD would not treat criminal migrants with the excessive “pathological” understanding of today’s ruling politicians but as “enemies of an open society and enemies of our country”.
“受害者不关心行凶者是圣战分子还是失意的暴徒……还要发生多少惨案，我们才会开始对进入我们国家的人进行核查？”彼得里称。她发誓德国新选择党不会像如今执政的政客一样，对犯罪的移民抱以过于“病态”的理解，而是会把他们视为“开放社会以及我们国家的敌人”。
Specifically, the AfD urges an immediate stop to refugee arrivals, sharp cuts in welfare payments for asylum seekers and a push against “Islamisation” — the spread of Muslim culture in Germany.
特别是，德国新选择党敦促立即阻止难民进入德国，大幅削减给寻求庇护者的福利支出，并推动反“伊斯兰化”——抑制穆斯林文化在德国的传播。
This approach has brought some AfD activists close to far-right and racist groups, including neo-Nazis. The party is examining whether to ban the AfD branch in the Saarland region over local leaders’ contacts with extremists.
这一方式使得德国新选择党一些活跃分子接近于极右翼和种族主义组织，其中包括新纳粹(neo-Nazis)。该政党正在考虑是否要关停该政党在萨尔兰地区的分支，因为该分支的当地负责人与极端主义者有联系。
Some mainstream politicians have said the AfD’s ties with the far-right run so deep that the party must be placed under observation by the domestic intelligence service. Ms Petry rejects this: “What can you say about such a grotesque demand? These people are clearly worried that the AfD will take their jobs away and now use all means to denigrate our party.”
一些主流政治人士称，德国新选择党与极右翼的联系之深，以至于必须将该政党置于国内情报机构的监视下。彼得里驳斥称：“对于这样奇葩的要求，你能说什么？这些人明显是担心德国新选择党将抢走他们的饭碗，现在极尽所能地诋毁我党。”
But she does not deny making a controversial statement of her own — when she said in an interview at the height of the migrant crisis that German border guards had the legal right to “use firearms if necessary” in controlling migrant flows. “We simply demand the application of the valid law at the border . . . Whoever damages the borders with violence must be shown the consequences by the border guards . . . If the state gives up its borders then at that moment it exists no more.”
但是，她不否认自己发表了具有争议的言论——她曾在移民危机最严重时在采访中称，德国边防警卫拥有合法权利，“在必要时使用枪支”控制移民流入。“我们只是要求在边境实施有效的法律……无论是谁以暴力方式破坏边境，边防警卫都必须让他们承担后果……如果国家放弃边境，那么国将不国。”
Meanwhile she and other AfD leaders have come under attack for mishandling an anti-Semitism dispute after delays in disciplining a regional party activist who argued that Holocaust denial — a crime in Germany — was a legitimate expression of opinion.
与此同时，她和德国新选择党的其他领袖因对一起反犹太主义争端处置不当而遭到抨击。该政党一名地方活跃分子认为，否认犹太人大屠杀（这在德国是一项罪行）是合法的意见表达，而彼得里等人未及时对此人进行规训。
Jörg Meuthen, AfD party leader in the Baden-Württemberg region, failed to win local AfD backing to expel Wolfgang Gedeon, one of the party’s 23 regional assembly members. Mr Meuthen quit the local AfD caucus (though not the party) with 12 others and set up a breakaway grouping. Ms Petry intervened and persuaded Mr Gedeon to resign the AfD whip.
德国新选择党巴登-符腾堡区领导人约尔格•莫伊滕(Jörg Meuthen)在开除沃尔夫冈•吉迪恩(Wolfgang Gedeon)——该政党23名地区议会成员之一——的问题上未能获得当地党组织的支持。莫伊滕和其他12人一起退出了当地党团会议（尽管并未退党），并另立门户。彼得里介入此事，并说服吉迪恩辞去了德国新选择党党鞭一职。
As well as blackening the AfD’s name, the dispute has wider implications because Mr Meuthen is the AfD’s national co-leader, nominally equal to Ms Petry. Their rivalry is so intense that the Baden-Württemberg party remains split, with each side blaming the other over the Gedeon affair.
该争端在抹黑德国新选择党名声的同时，还产生了更广泛的后果，因为莫伊滕是该政党的全国共同领袖，在名义上与彼得里平级。二人的竞争很激烈，该党在巴登—符腾堡的党组织仍然处于分裂状态，双方都指责对方应为吉迪恩事件负责。
Analysts see the row as a power struggle between Ms Petry, Mr Meuthen and other rivals. Ms Petry agrees, saying it is “ultimately about the question who leads the party and how they lead it”.
分析人士把此次争端视为彼得里、莫伊滕和其他竞争对手之间的权力斗争。彼得里对此表示赞同，她称这“归根结底是关于谁领导该政党以及如何领导的问题”。
She wants the dispute settled well before next year’s Bundestag election, when the AfD plans to become the first rightwing party since 1945 to win seats.
她希望在明年德国联邦议会选举前尽快解决该争端。德国新选择党计划在这次选举中成为自1945年以来第一个赢得议会席位的右翼政党。
But Hajo Funke, a politics professor at Berlin’s Free University, says Ms Petry and other leaders may struggle to stabilise the party. “They want to be seen as reasonable people. But it is difficult in a party which gets a lot of support from radicals who push for more radicalism.”
但是柏林自由大学(Free University)的政治学教授哈乔•丰克(Hajo Funke)称，彼得里及其他领袖可能难以稳定该政党。“他们希望被视为理智的人。但是对于一个从推动激进主义的激进分子那里获得大量支持的政党来说，这很难实现。”
