北京暗指美国加剧南中国海紧张局势
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army on Tuesday accused the US of stoking tensions in the South China Sea as it released a muscular new military doctrine envisaging far-flung combat operations.
中国军方周二发布了一份彰显军事实力、展望远程作战的军事白皮书，并谴责美国加剧了南中国海(South China Sea)的紧张局势。At the launch of a security white paper, PLA spokesman Yang Yujun said unnamed “outside powers” were trying to “tarnish the Chinese military’s reputation and create an atmosphere of exaggerated tension”.
在发布这份防白皮书时，中国国防部新闻发言人杨宇军表示，“外来势力”正在努力“抹黑中国军队，刻意渲染地区紧张局势”。他并未说明外来势力是指谁。
“We cannot eliminate the possibility that this is to create excuses for the actions that certain countries may be planning to take,” said Colonel Yang. “This is not a new trick, and has been used many times in the past.”
“也不排除这是为个别国家今后可能采取的一些行动寻找借口，”杨宇军大校说，“这也不是什么新的伎俩，历史上大家已经见过多次了。”
International concerns have risen in recent months over China’s accelerating efforts to create habitable islands on remote coral reefs in the South China Sea, mirroring efforts by neighbours including Vietnam, Taiwan and the Philippines intended to buttress maritime claims in the region.
近几个月来，国际社会对中国在南中国海域遥远的珊瑚礁上建造可居住岛屿感到日益担忧。中国的做法跟越南、台湾和菲律宾等邻国或地区类似，以支持本国在该地区的海上主权要求。In the past month, the US has stepped up surveillance flights over the Chinese construction projects. In one case, a P-8 Poseidon aircraft carried a camera crew from television network CNN, which broadcast radio warnings issued by the Chinese navy. The US is considering flying surveillance missions even closer to the islands, as well as sailing warships within a few miles of them, as part of a new, more robust US military posture in the area.
过去一个月里，美国增加了对中国海上工程的监视飞行。几天前，一架P-8海神(Poseidon)海上巡逻机搭载了CNN的一个摄制组执行了一次这样的飞行任务，后者报道称，中国海军对此发出了无线电警告。美国正考虑派飞机前往距离这些岛屿更近的区域执行监视任务，并派战舰驶入距这些岛屿几英里的海域内，以彰显美国在该地区更强硬的军事力量。“I think in the past few weeks, it seems that suddenly there is a lot of uproar regarding this,” said Colonel Yang. “There has been a lot of hype surrounding this news. Is it because the South China Sea has shrunk and become more crowded?”
“为什么最近这一段时间或者说最近几周以来，突然这个事情就闹起来了，这个信息就炒起来了，是不是南海突然间缩小了？”杨宇军大校说。“我可以告诉大家，南海很宽阔，一点也没有缩小。”The war of words takes place against a broad rethink of China’s defence policy, presented in the white paper on Tuesday.
这场口水战发生之际，各方正对中国防务策略进行广泛的反思。这种反思在周二发布的白皮书中也有呈现。“China’s Military Strategy”, the eighth such white paper since 1998, emphasises the evolution of the country’s security needs away from simple territorial defence towards an offensive capacity overseas.
这是中国自1998年以来发布的第八份《中国的军事战略》白皮书，强调中国的安全需求正从简单的国土防御转向海外进攻能力。The paper also highlighted information and propaganda as key strategic elements in the “winning of informationised local wars” — the same day as the PLA opened an account on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter.
白皮书强调，中国要将军事斗争准备基点放在“打赢信息化局部战争上”。中国国防部在发布白皮书的同日，还在新浪微博上开通“国防部发布”账号。Army operations would “continue to reorient from theatre defence to trans-theatre mobility”, according to the document, while the navy would shift its focus from “offshore waters defence” to “open-seas protection”. The air force, meanwhile, would shift focus from “territorial air defence” to “defence and offence”.
白皮书称，中国陆军要继续实现”机动作战、立体攻防”的战略要求，海军要将战略重点从“近海防御”转向“远海护卫”，空军则要实现“国土防空型向攻防兼备型转变”。A new counter-terrorism law still under discussion would for the first time legalise the stationing of Chinese troops abroad without a UN mandate, seen as a precursor to military operations further afield.
中国正在讨论制定一部反恐法。这部法律将首次授权中国军队在没有获得联合国授权的情况下执行海外任务。外界认为，此举可能为中国在更远地区采取军事行动铺平道路。While the white paper promised that China would never attack first, it also made clear that China perceived itself to be surrounded by threats. It described “new threats from hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism” as well as from terrorism, separatism,while insisting that “anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a “colour revolution” in the country.
尽管白皮书承诺中国将不会率先发起攻击，但它也明确表示，中国面对多元复杂的安全威胁，包括“霸权主义、强权政治和新干涉主义”，以及恐怖主义和分裂势力，并强调“反华势力”一直没有放弃在中国制造“颜色革命”的努力。
