日本发布国家安全保障战略

Japan’s government will next week confirm its commitment to building a stronger military to counter perceived security threats including an increasingly powerful China, according to a draft of its first national security strategy released on Wednesday.

根据周三发布的日本首份国家安全保障战略(NSS)草案，日本政府将在下周证实，该国将致力于打造一支更强大的武装力量，以反制日本眼中的安全威胁，包括日益强大的中国。

Shinzo Abe, the conservative prime minister, hailed the document as “historic” because it will be used to guide policies for a new national security council, a US-style body created by the prime minister as part of his effort to distance Japan from its post-second world war pacifism.

保守派首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)称赞这份文件是“历史性的”，因为它将被用于指导新成立的国家安全保障会议(National Security Council)的各项政策——后者是安倍参照美国模式建立的组织，也是他带领日本与二战后和平主义拉开距离的努力的一部分。

“We have been working to rebuild our national security policy with a firm commitment to defend people’s lives and property,” Mr Abe said.

“我们一直在努力重建我国的国家安全政策，坚定致力于保卫国民的生命和财产，”安倍表示。

The draft, which is expected to be adopted by Mr Abe’s cabinet next week, identifies threats and challenges that have been named in previous official defence analyses, Most prominently North Korea’s nuclear programme and a rapid and “opaque” expansion of China’s military power.

预计将在下周得到安倍内阁批准的这份草案，列出了以往官方防卫分析中已被指明的各项威胁和挑战，最突出的是朝鲜的核武计划和中国军力的快速且“不透明”的扩张。

It commits Japan to “continue walking the path of a peaceful nation” but envisions a more “active” peacekeeping role in Asia that would involve closer military co-operation with allies such as the US and Australia, as well as the possible formal elimination of a ban on weapons exports.

文件承诺，日本将“继续走在和平国家的道路上”，但也设想将在亚洲扮演更为“积极的”维和角色，包括与美国和澳大利亚等盟友开展更紧密的军事合作，同时有可能正式废除武器出口禁令。

That ban has been in place since the 1960s, albeit with an increasing number of exemptions, such as components for US-developed anti-ballistic missile systems. The draft says it should be “reconsidered” entirely.

这个禁令是从上世纪60年代开始执行的，尽管其豁免项目（比如美国开发的反弹道导弹系统的零部件）在不断增加。战略草案称，这个禁令应得到全面的“重新考虑”。

More broadly, Japan should “strengthen its own capabilities and expand its role” in regional defence, according to the document, which was endorsed by an expert committee appointed by Mr Abe and whose principles are intended to guide Japan’s security policy for the coming decade.

根据这份文件，在更广泛的层面上， 日本应当加强自身实力，在地区防卫方面扮演更重要的角色。这份文件已得到安倍任命的一个专家委员会的认可，其原则意在指导日本未来10年的安全政策。

A defence-policy outline released alongside the security strategy called for the establishment of stronger intelligence, early warning and surveillance networks to defend Japan’s sea and air territory.

与安全保障战略同时出炉的《防卫计划大纲》呼吁建立更强大的情报、预警和监视网络，以防卫日本的海域和空域。

Citing Chinese “intrusions” into areas around the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands, known in China as the Diaoyu, it urges the acceleration of an ongoing shift of defence resources to the sea to the southwest of the main Japanese islands.

《大纲》以中国方面“侵入”日方管辖的尖阁诸岛(Senkaku Islands)——中国称钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿——周围海域为由，敦促加快将防卫资源部署到日本的西南诸岛。

Japan’s public has been largely accepting of the so-far mild build-up of military power under Mr Abe, which has included a small but rare increase in the national defence budget.

日本公众基本上认可安倍领导的迄今还算温和的军力扩张。安倍政府小幅增加了国防预算，此举在日本是相当少见的。

Some of Mr Abe’s proposals have gone too far for the public’s liking, however. He has shelved, at least for now, his ambition to rewrite Japan’s anti-war constitution, and a controversial official secrets law linked to the creation of the new security council has been wildly unpopular.

不过，安倍的某些提议大大超出了公众愿意接受的范围。安倍已经搁置了重写日本反战宪法的雄心，至少就目前而言是如此。与此同时，与组建国家安全保障会议相关的有争议的《特定秘密保护法》也很不得人心。

Although Mr Abe successfully pushed the law through parliament last week, 82 per cent of respondents to a Kyodo News opinion survey said they wanted it revised.

尽管安倍上周成功推动国会通过该法，但在共同社(Kyodo News)的一项民意调查中，82%的受访者称希望该法得到修订。