亚洲去年鲸吞全球近四分之一FDI

Asia's fast-growing economies gobbled up almost a quarter of the world's foreign direct investment in 2011, up substantially from five years ago in a sign of how investors rate the region compared to the rest of the world.

2011年，亚洲快速增长的经济体鲸吞了全球近四分之一的外商直接投资(FDI)，和五年前相比出现大幅增长，从中可见投资者在同世界其它地区进行比较时是如何评价这一地区的。

The figures come from a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report released Thursday that compiles global FDI figures.

上述数字来自联合国贸易和发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 简称：贸发会议)周四公布的一份报告，报告编制了全球的FDI数据。

East and Southeast Asian economies received $336 billion from offshore investors in 2011, a 14% increase from 2010. That made up 22% of the world's total FDI, down a tad from the 22.5% global share in 2010. Add in South Asia, and Asia's share of all the cross-border investment flow in the world was 24.6%. Five years ago, in 2007, Asia took in 13.7% of the world's FDI.

2011年东亚和东南亚经济体从境外投资者那里收到了3,360亿美元的资金，比2010年增长了14%。这一数字在全球FDI总量中占比22%，略低于2010年22.5%的占比。如果算上南亚地区，整个亚洲地区吸收的投资在全球所有跨境投资流中的占比达到24.6%。而五年前的2007年，亚洲地区在全球FDI中的占比只有13.7%。

Asia has built its share of the total pie partially on declines elsewhere, but also on a change in the type of investment flowing the region.

亚洲地区在全球FDI中的占比所以上升，部分原因是其它地区所占比重在下降，同时也因为流入该地区投资的类型发生了变化。

In the past, Western companies invested in Asia to take advantage of low labor costs to export goods back to home. Increasingly, they are investing in the region to sell products locally.

过去，西方企业投资亚洲主要是为了利用这一地区低廉的劳动力成本，以便将产品重新出口至本国国内。现在，越来越多的企业投资这一地区就是为了在当地销售产品。

"There's almost an imperative for Western companies to have a presence in Asia to exploit the growing consumer market," says Frederic Neumann, cohead of economic research for Asia at HSBC. "That's why you see the jump in the share of FDI," he says.

汇丰(HSBC)亚洲经济研究联席主管范力民(Frederic Neumann)说，对西方企业来说，进入亚洲，利用这里不断壮大的消费市场几乎可以说是势在必行，这就是我们看到亚洲地区吸收的投资在全球FDI中的占比蹿升的原因。

Globally, the coveted pot of cross border investment gold rose 16% to $1.52 trillion, still below the 2007 peak of almost $2 trillion in 2007. Last year's flows were above the three-year average of 2005-2007 for the first time since the global financial crisis, the U.N. noted.

全球跨境投资总量去年上升了16%，至1.52万亿美元，不过仍然低于2007年近2万亿美元的峰值。贸发会议指出，去年流入亚洲地区的投资数量是全球金融危机以来首次超过2005年至2007年三年平均值。

FDI is a critical measure of how outsiders perceive an economy and can be a critical source of capital for poor economies, countries with low savings rates, and economies with current account deficits, such as Vietnam and India.

FDI是外部投资者衡量某国经济一个至关重要的指标。对于贫困国家、储蓄率较低的国家以及越南和印度等经常项目赤字的国家来说，FDI也是获得资本的重要来源。

Foreign direct investment is made up of long-term economic bets such as building a factory or buying a company. Unlike investment in a stock or bond market, FDI is sticky, meaning it doesn't flee at the first sign of a panic or a downturn.

构成FDI的资金包括对一国经济的长期投资，比如建造一座工厂或收购一家公司的花费。与投资股市或债市的资金不同，FDI具有粘性，意味着这部分资金不会一看到恐慌或经济低迷的迹象就出逃。

"The contribution to GDP growth is actually is quite substantial," says Mr. Neumann. "FDI is a major ingredient in Asia's recipe for success," he says, noting that the money often also comes with technology that gets adopted by local businesses, which in turn spawn new industry clusters and boost productivity generally in the economy.

范力民说，FDI对一国国内生产总值(GDP)的贡献实际上相当可观。FDI是亚洲走向成功的主要原因之一。他同时指出，FDI常常会同当地企业采纳的技术一同被引入，这反过来又能催生新的产业集群，提高经济体的整体生产力。

National governments published individual FDI figures from 2011 in recent months. But the U.N.'s aggregated figures give a glimpse into how regions of the world compare and how countries within regions compare.

近几个月来，各国政府纷纷发布2011年所在国吸收的FDI数据。但贸发会议发布的汇总数据让我们一窥内情，得以比较全球主要地区去年吸收FDI的情况，同时得以比较某一地区内国与国之间的情况。

For instance, East Asia, led predominately by China, continued to see a healthy increase in FDI in 2011, up 9% last year. Meantime, resurgent Southeast Asian economies as a group including Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, grew even faster, up 26%.

例如，中国主导的东亚地区2011年FDI仍然呈现健康增长，增幅达9%。与此同时，经济复苏的东南亚国家（包括印尼、新加坡和马来西亚等）作为一个整体增速更快，达到26%。

Asia's gain over the past five years was at the expense of the European Union, which has seen its share of global FDI fall from 42% in 2007 to 28% last year. (EU FDI inflows surged 32% to 421 billion in 2011, though still far below the 2007 peak level of $854 billion.)

过去五年亚洲吸收的FDI之所以能不断增加，原因之一是欧盟吸收的FDI数量在下降。后者在全球FDI中所占比重从2007年的42%下降到去年的28%（流入欧盟的FDI去年大涨32%，至4,210亿美元，但仍然大幅低于2007年8,540亿美元的峰值）。

Another weak spot was North Africa, where political upheaval caused investors to put just under $8 billion in 2011, almost half 2010's flow and less than a third of what it was from 2006 to 2008.

另一个弱点地区是北非。北非的政治动荡导致2011仅投资者向这一地区投资不到80亿美元，这几乎只相当于2010年的一半，不到2006年至2008年的三分之一。

The other investment global investment hotspot is Latin America, where the share of FDI was 14.2% in 2011, up from 8.7% in 2007.

另一个全球投资热点是拉丁美洲，其2011年吸收的FDI在全球占比达到14.2%，高于2007年的8.7%。

On the flipside, East and Southeast Asia have also become more important sources of FDI into other countries, accounting globally for $240 billion or 14.2% of total FDI flows. That's down a tad from 2010's 16.7% global share, but well above the 7.9% share from 2007.

另一方面，东亚和东南亚地区也成为向其它国家输出FDI的重要来源，其在全球进行的FDI达到2,400亿美元，在全球FDI总量中的占比达到14.2%，略低于2010年16.7%的比例，但远高于2007年7.9%的比重。

Countries that supply FDI to other nations are perceived to have clout as economic players. The U.S. supplied 30% more FDI in 2011 compared to 2010, nearly $400 billion, or almost a quarter of all FDI outflows on the planet.

向其它国家提供FDI的国家通常被认为是具备影响力的经济大国。美国在2011年提供的FDI比2010年增加了30%，接近4,000亿美元，几乎是去年全球FDI总量的四分之一。