关注社会:各国央行纷纷降息保增长
Central banks in Europe and Asia attempted to stimulate the sluggish global economy yesterday by loosening monetary policy and cutting interest rates.
昨日，欧洲和亚洲各国央行纷纷放松货币政策及降低利率，以求刺激疲弱的全球经济。The People's Bank of China surprised investors by lowering its main one-year lending rate by 0.31 percentage points to 6 per cent, showing that the economic slowdown extends beyond Europe.
出乎投资者意料的是，中国人民银行(PBoC)将一年期基准贷款利率调低0.31个百分点，至6%，表明经济放缓已经蔓延到欧洲以外。As expected, the European Central Bank cut its main interest rate by a quarter point to 0.75 per cent, the lowest on record, and the Bank of England restarted money-printing and pumped an extra £50bn into the UK economy, taking the total to £375bn.
正如各方所预期的，欧洲央行(ECB)将其主导利率下调25个基点，至0.75%这一历史最低点。英国央行(Bank of England)则再次启动印钞机，向英国经济再注入500亿英镑，至此英国央行已总共"印钞"3750亿英镑。
The central banks' moves come as global business surveys show much weaker growth than expected this year. The global composite purchasing managers' index of activity in services and manufacturing, compiled by JPMorgan, dropped to 50.3 in July, its lowest since 2009.
各国央行采取行动之际，全球商业调查显示，今年经济增长显著弱于预期。7月份，摩根大通(JPMorgan)编制的服务业和制造业全球综合采购经理指数(PMI)降至50.3，为2009年以来的新低。The action by the ECB did little to lift sentiment on European assets, which have now ended their rally after last week's summit. The euro fell about 1 per cent to below $1.24 in late London trading, while 10-year borrowing costs for Spain jumped 0.4 percentage points to more than 6.75 per cent, reversing the past week's movement away from the danger zone.
欧洲央行的举措并没有提振人们对欧洲资产的信心，上周峰会后欧洲金融资产的涨势现在已经告终。伦敦接近收盘时，欧元兑美元汇率已跌破1欧元兑1.24美元水平，当日跌幅约为1%。西班牙十年期借贷成本上升0.4个百分点，达到逾6.75%，重返上周的危险水平。In Frankfurt, Mario Draghi, president of the ECB, said the rate cuts were taken independently by central banks and those in the eurozone reflected weak growth, "with heightened uncertainty weighing on confidence and sentiment".
欧洲央行行长马里奥•德拉吉(Mario Draghi)在法兰克福(Frankfurt)表示，各国央行和欧元区分别降息表明增长乏力，"不确定性上升，对人们的信心和情绪形成压力"。
Insisting that the rate cut was unanimous among all 17 eurozone members, the ECB also cut its deposit rate, the rate paid to banks parking money overnight at the central bank, to zero. The move will provide banks with a large deposit base a greater incentive to lend to other eurozone banks overnight.
欧洲央行坚称，欧元区17个成员国一致同意降息，欧洲央行还将面向各成员国银行的隔夜存款利率降到零。此举将为拥有较大存款基础的银行提供更大激励，推动它们为欧元区其他银行提供隔夜放贷。The Danish central bank took this step one stage further, taking its deposit rate into negative territory for the first time, imposing a 0.2 per cent annual charge on certificates of deposit.
丹麦央行则更进一步，首次将其存款利率降为负值，对存款收取0.2%的年度收费。With interest rates in London already at their lowest in more than 300 years, the Bank of England opted for a third-wave of quantitative easing, blaming "the increased drag from the heightened tensions within the euro area" for the recent descent of Britain's economy into a double-dip recession.
英国利率早已降到300多年以来的最低点，英国央行选择了第三次量化宽松举措，并将最近英国经济陷入二次衰退归咎于"欧元区紧张加剧，造成更大拖累"。
