历史今天:1828年 托尔斯泰出生 (8.28)

【英文原文】

Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й​ (help·info), Russian pronunciation: [lʲɛv nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; September 9 [O.S. August 28] 1828 – November 20 [O.S. November 7] 1910), was a Russian writer widely regarded as aMong the greatest of novelists. His masterpieces War and Peace and Anna Karenina represent in their scope, breadth and vivid depiction of 19th-century Russian life and attitudes, the peak of realist fiction.

Tolstoy's further talents as essayist, dramatist, and educational reformer made him the most influential member of the aristocratic Tolstoy family. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

【中文译文】

列夫 尼古拉耶维奇 托尔斯泰（俄语：ЛевНиколаевичТолстой，俄语发音:[lʲɛv nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; 9月9日旧历8月28日] 1828年- 11月20日[旧历11月7日] 1910年），是俄罗斯最伟大的作家。他的作品《战争与和平》《安娜卡列尼娜》生动的描写了19世纪的俄罗斯人生活和态度，是现实主义小说的巅峰。

托尔斯泰在散文，剧作和教育改革方面的天赋，使他成为托尔斯泰贵族中最有影响力的成员。他对基督教义的诠释，主要集中在登山宝训中心，这是他之后成为一个忠诚的基督教无政府主义者和和平主义者。他对非暴力抵抗的思想，在他的作品中有所表现，例如《天国在你心中》，对20世纪甘地和马丁路德金有着深远的影响。