拒绝让移民入医疗系统的社会有危险

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) warns that societies that deny migrants access to health care do so at their peril. To mark International Migrants Day Sunday, IOM is calling on governments worldwide to offer health services to all people, including legal and illegal migrants.

国际移民组织警告说，拒绝给移民提供医疗服务的社会是在冒险。星期天为了纪念国际移民日，国际移民组织正在呼吁世界各国政府为包括合法和非法移民在内的所有人提供医疗卫生服务。

The International Organization for Migration says governments would be wise to grant migrants access to health services, if only for purely selfish reasons.

国际移民组织表示，如果纯粹处于自我考虑的因素，各国政府为移民提供医疗卫生服务是明智之举。

IOM notes deadly diseases such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and Bird Flu are highly contagious. They travel around the world. They kill people indiscriminately - citizens and migrants alike. IOM argues excluding migrants from health care systems is both dangerous to the individual and to the public at large.

国际移民组织指出，类似萨斯病和禽流感在内的致命性疾病具有高度传染性。这些疾病在世界范围传播蔓延，不管是公民还是移民一样都会因为这些疾病丧生。国际移民组织表示，把移民排除在医疗服务体系之外的做法，总体上对于个人和大众而言都是危险的。

The agency considers migration one of the biggest challenges facing global health today. It says migrants face many barriers to health care. These include language or cultural differences, lack of health insurance and administrative hurdles.

国际移民组织认为，移民是今天全球健康医疗体系面对的最大挑战之一。该组织表示，移民在接受医疗服务方面有诸多障碍。这其中包括语言或者文化差异，缺少医疗保险以及管理障碍。

Director of Migration Health at IOM, Davide Mosca, says undocumented or irregular migrants have the greatest difficulty in accessing health services. He says their legal status makes them vulnerable to exploitation and discourages them from seeking care.

国际移民组织的移民健康部主任莫斯卡表示，在获得医疗服务方面，非法移民面临的困难最多。他说，他们的非法身份，导致他们非常易于受到剥削的伤害，并让他们没有勇气去寻求医疗救治。

“Even in the country where, the few countries that have given access to regular migrants to basic health care, sometimes they do not go for fear of deportation or different approaches in the politics of the country at that moment. And, they then resolve to go to these services only in emergencies. This, of course, is not the best way to do it for many reasons…First of all because it might be too late, because it might be too costly and certainly this would not have a good result on the health of the migrant,” Mosca said.

莫斯卡说：“即使是在那些为数不多的给合法移民提供基本医疗保健服务的国家，有些时候非法移民也因为害怕被遣返，或者那个国家当时出现的不同政治氛围，而不敢去接受治疗。他们只是在情况紧急的时候，才能下决心去医疗机构寻求救治。当然，这不是处理健康问题的最佳办法。原因有很多，首先，这样做可能会导致病情拖延，太迟了；再者，这样可能导致医疗费用变得极其高昂，当然，这时候去看病不会对移民的健康带来好的结果。”

IOM says a delay in seeking care also increases public health risks, particularly if infectious diseases are involved. It says emergency care ends up being more expensive than if migrants had access to preventive and primary health care.

国际移民组织表示，在就医方面的拖延，还会增加公众的健康风险，尤其是患有传染疾病的情况下，就更加如此。而且，急救服务最终的花费要比移民们接受预防性和早期医疗服务昂贵得多。There are more than one billion migrants worldwide; 214 million of them have gone to foreign countries. IOM says every country in the world is either dependent on the labor, skills and knowledge migrants bring or on the money they earn.

全世界有10亿多各类移民，其中2亿1400万移民是去了外国。国际移民组织表示，世界上各个国家，要么依赖移民带来的劳动力、技能和知识，要么依赖移民所赚的钱。

IOM spokeswoman, Jemini Pandya, says most countries recognize that migrants are an economic necessity they cannot do without. She says it is to the benefit of societies at large to take care of their migrant populations.

国际移民组织女发言人杰米尼·潘迪亚表示，绝大多数国家都承认移民对发展经济是不可或缺的。她表示，因此关心照顾移民总体上对于社会是有益的。

“If you do not take care of the health of the migrants, many of the structures on which our societies and economies function today could not survive, could not cope ... Global development on every level could not continue. So, that health aspect is absolutely integral to every single aspect of our modern lives today - the health aspects of migrants," Pandya said. "And given that we are living in a world where dependency on migrants is ever growing, this is an issue that governments ignore at their peril, essentially.”

她说：“如果你不关心照顾移民的健康，我们今天社会和经济功能的很多结构就无法存在和成功应对，全球发展的每个层面都无法持续。因此，健康状况对于我们今天现代生活的每个方面来说都是绝对不可或缺的，尤其是移民的健康状况。考虑到我们生活在一个对移民的依赖越来越大的世界，这是一个各国政府根本无法忽视的问题。”

While the economic argument might be persuasive, IOM says it is important to recognize that migrants, above all else, are human beings. It says they should not be seen as a mere commodity, representing an economic value that is easily replaceable.

国际移民组织表示，尽管经济因素可能具有说服力，但是重要的是要意识到，移民首先也是人。该机构表示，移民不应当被视为只是一件商品，具有一定经济价值，但是可以轻易抛弃的商品。

IOM argues that denying migrants access to health care is both a violation of their human rights and, ultimately, self-defeating.

国际移民组织表示，拒绝向移民提供医疗服务，既是对人权的侵犯，最终也会伤及自身。