悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第20期:民歌

Scholarship has discovered in respect of Archilochus that he introduced folk song into literature, and that it was this feat which earned him the unique distinction of being placed beside Homer.

关于阿奇洛科斯，学者们的研究发现他曾把民歌传入文学中，由于这功绩，希腊人普遍地评定他值得同荷马并列的特殊地位。

Yet what does folk song represent in contrast to epic poetry, which is wholly Apollinian?

但是，民歌同梦神型叙事诗对照之下是甚么呢？

Surely the classical instance of a union between Apollinian and Dionysian intentions.

它岂不是梦神与酒神相结合的Perpetuum　vestigum（永恒的迹象）吗？

Its tremendous distribution, as well as its constant proliferation wherever we look, attests the strength of that dual generative motive in nature: a motive which leaves its traces in folk song much the way the orgiastic movements of a nation leave their traces in music.

民歌广泛流行于所有民族之间，而且不断滋乳蕃生，日益壮大，足证性灵的这种两重性艺术冲动是多么强大，它在民歌中留下痕迹，

Nor should it be difficult to show by historical evidence that every period which abounded in folk songs has, by the same token, been deeply stirred by Dionysian currents.

正如一个民族的秘仪活动赖其音乐而流传后世。真的，历史可以指证：民歌最丰富的时代往往是受酒神祭潮流冲击得最猛烈的时代。

Those currents have long been considered the necessary substratum, or precondition, of folk poetry.

我们应该常常把这浪潮当作民歌的根源和先决条件。

But first of all we must regard folk song as a musical mirror of the cosmos, as primordial melody casting about for an analogue and finding that analogue eventually in poetry.

然而，我们要首先把民歌当作反映世界的音乐镜子，当作是原始曲调现在找到对应的梦境而把它表现为诗歌。

Since melody precedes all else, it may have to undergo any number of objectifications, such as a variety of texts presents.

所以曲调是第一性的和普遍性的。从而可以在多种歌词中受到多种客观化。

But it is always, according to the naive estimation of the populace, much superior in importance to those texts.

再则，照民间的天真的想法，曲调是最重要最必需的因素。

Melody gives birth to poetry again and again: this is implied by the atrophic form of folk song.

曲调自动地产生诗歌，而且是不断地新陈代谢。民歌的乐章形式就证明是如此。

for a long time I wondered at this phenomenon, until finally the following explanation offered itself.

这一现象，我以前往往愕然不解，及后我终于找到如下的说明。

If we examine any collection of folk poetry--for example, Des Knaben Wunderhorn--in this light, we shall find countless examples of melody generating whole series of images, and those images, in their varicolored hues, abrupt transitions, and headlong forward rush, stand in the most marked contrast to the equable movement, the calm illusion, of epic verse.

凡是以这原理来研究一部民歌集子（例如，“儿童之魔笛）的人，将会发现无数的例子：不断滋生的曲调怎样向周围撒播如画的火花，五彩斑烂，瞬息万变，有如天花乱坠，表现出细水长流的史诗所完全没有的一种力量。

Viewed from the standpoint of the epic the uneven and irregular imagery of folk song becomes quite objectionable.

从史诗的角度来看，抒情诗的既不均衡又不整齐的画景是不值得一顾的，

Such must have been the feeling which the solemn rhapsodists of the Apollinian rites, during the age of Terpander, entertained with regard to popular lyric effusions.

忒潘德（Ter－pander）时代阿波罗祭的庄严的史诗朗诵者就是这样宣判它的罪状。