美国前国防部长出回忆录 批评奥巴马控制欲强大纲

Former US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates has strongly criticised President Barack Obama's handling of the war in Afghanistan, US media have reported.

In Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary of War, Mr Gates says that the president was sceptical that his administration's Afghan strategy would succeed.

"I never doubted [his] support for the troops, only his support for their mission," Mr Gates is quoted as saying.

Mr Gates was Pentagon chief under Presidents Obama and George Bush. He was the first Pentagon head to serve presidents of different parties before leaving political office in 2011.

Although he describes Mr Obama as "a man of personal integrity" who was right in his decisions regarding Afghanistan, he says that the president was uncomfortable with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan which he inherited from the Bush administration.

He also says Mr Obama was distrustful of the military that was providing him options.

He is quoted by newspapers as saying in the memoir that in March 2011 he did not trust Gen David Petraeus - the US military commander in Afghanistan in 2010-11 - and "could not stand" Afghan President Hamid Karzai.

The president "doesn't consider the war to be his," Mr Gates writes of a March 2011 meeting in the White House. "For him, it's all about getting out."

The Washington Post says that the memoir is "in contrast to his subdued, even-keeled public demeanour as Pentagon chief", and that Mr Gates "strikes an often bitter tone in his memoir".

It and other newspapers quote the former defence secretary voicing frustration in the memoir at the "controlling nature" of Mr Obama's White House, which he says constantly interfered in Pentagon affairs, even though civilian aides lacked knowledge of military operations.

The White House national security staff "took micromanagement and operational meddling to a new level," he writes, comparing their approach to that of the Nixon era of the 1970s.

"All too early in the administration," Mr Gates writes, "suspicion and distrust of senior military officers by senior White House officials - including the president and vice president - became a big problem for me as I tried to manage the relationship between the commander-in-chief and his military leaders."据美国《华盛顿邮报》1月8日报道，美国前国防部长罗伯特•盖茨猛烈抨击美国总统奥巴马处理阿富汗战争的方式。

在《职责：战争部长回忆录》一书中，盖茨称奥巴马怀疑美国政府的阿富汗政策是否能够取得成功。

“我从不怀疑他对军队的支持，只是怀疑他对这项任务是否足够支持，”盖茨这样说道。

他曾在奥巴马和布什的任期内担任国防部长，2011年离任，他也是首位在民主党和共和党总统执政期间均能入主五角大楼的国防部长。

盖茨认为奥巴马是“一个正直的人”，在阿富汗问题上的观点是正确的，但他也称，奥巴马很不情愿地从布什政府手中接管伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争。

报纸引述回忆录称，奥巴马2011年并不信任美国驻阿富汗司令戴维•彼得雷乌斯，且“不能忍受”阿富汗总统卡尔扎伊。

盖茨在回忆录中写道2011年3月份的一次会议时表示，奥巴马“并不认为这场战争跟自己有关，他关心的只有撤军”。

《华盛顿邮报》评论说，盖茨在回忆录中措辞强硬，“一反他作为国防部长被压制的公众形象”。

盖茨表示，奥巴马的“控制欲”很强。虽然白宫文官缺乏军事知识，但是经常插手国防事务。

盖茨认为，和20世纪70年代的尼克松政府相比，奥巴马手下的“白宫国家安全部门越来越多地插手具体管理和军队运行。”

“在管理过程中，”盖茨写道，“虽然我试图缓解高级军官和他的领导之间的关系，但是白宫高官——包括总统和副总统，对于高级军官的怀疑和不信任已经成为了我的一个难题。”