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托福阅读完全看不懂怎么办

推荐人: 来源: 阅读: 2.88W 次

我们在托福备考的过程中经常会遇到以下几种情况:1.生僻词汇看不懂;2.平时积累的词汇量够,但组合在一起的托福阅读长短句不能理解或者说理解起来比较费劲。这些都会导致我们看不懂文章,今天我就给各位分享一下我自己的备考经验,希望能对各位有所帮助~

托福阅读完全看不懂怎么办

托福阅读完全看不懂怎么办

1.平时多积累词汇量这个不用我再多说了吧,词汇量连5000都不到的朋友,建议你先把词汇量搞定,再来考虑托福考试。这里推荐各位看的书籍是《词以类记》。词汇量是托福的基础功课,即便你理解不了内容,你也可以通过将文章中的单词全部翻出来,虽说通篇读下来有点拗口,但至少大意你可以猜出一二。

2.只保留句子里的主谓宾,其他词汇全部剔除。

3.什么都看得懂,就是题目做不来。有这样问题的学生不在少数,托福考试是考察学生综合能力的学术测评,所以在考试中融入了大量的语法点,常见的案例是学生自认为读懂了文章的含义,但其实文章内容并非是学生所翻译的那样。我们常常会将自己所掌握的知识点强加在作者身上,以至于经常在文章的理解上失分。

记住一句话,托福阅读细节决定成败。如果你是我所说的那类学生,那么你就要引起重视,多从自身上找原因。这里建议各位学生可以去刷一些TPO真题,分析下这些语法点,把经常做错的语法题整理汇总下,然后有针对性的去练习,直到你完全弄清楚了为止。

当然,有条件的学生可以参加一些培训机构的托福训练,有老师作为引路人要比你自己瞎摸索效率高得多。就像昂立国际课程中心这种,他们的老师和助教都挺有耐心。我当时托福考试成绩是112分也是多亏了两位助教全程给予我帮助。

提高托福阅读分数的有效办法:提高答题速度

提高托福阅读速度可以采用快速泛读、计时阅读、寻读、略读等方法,以下为介绍的详细内容。

快速泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。

而计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。

寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。它是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

它与略读不同,略读时,读者事先对材料一无所知,而寻读则是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。具体地说,寻读带有明确的目的性,有针对性地选择问题的答案。

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。

在进行托福阅读略读时,要利用印刷细节(typo鄄graphicaldetails),如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等,对文章进行预测略读(previewskim鄄ming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式),以便把握大意,有关的细节及其相互关系。

以一般阅读速度(200~250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段,力求抓住文章大意,背景情况,作者的文章风格,口吻或语气等。阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意,然后略去细节不读,以求得略读速度。注意转折词和序列词。转折词如 however,moreover,inaddition等;序列词如firstly,secondly等。

以上就是关于快速泛读、计时阅读、寻读、略读方法的详细介绍,希望考生可以将这四种方法运用到托福阅读速度训练中,最后达到提高托福阅读速度的目标。

托福阅读指代题解题思路及步骤

一、问题形式

被考的文章中有一个词或词组被加亮,这个词通常是一个代词或名词。指代题的形式如下:

The word (or phrase) X in the passage refers to

二、解题步骤

1. 根据解题技巧确定答案

2. 代入原文验证,看语义、逻辑和语法上是否通顺

三、基本原则

1. 就近指代

所谓就近指代,就是被指代对象通常在指代词前不远处,如本句或上一句中。有时也出现在更前面的一句中。例如,

Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluating how serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reduce this problem.

The phrase this problem in the passage refers to interference with the flight patterns of migrating birds in certain areas building ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines meeting the demands of environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy

本题涉及的是一个词组this problem。寻找这一词组的指代对象时只需向上搜索就行。根据就近原则,前一句中的主语the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines可以初步确定为答案。将其代入原文,符合语义和逻辑,因此第三个选项为正确答案。第一个选项和第三个选项都和this problem相距较远,而且代入时语义和逻辑上不通,因此为干扰选项。

2. 数格一致

被指代对象通常与指代词在数(如单数或复数)和格(主格或宾格)两方面相同。如单数代词one指代单数名词,复数代词they指代复数名词。

四、主要思路

1. 主从复合句中的指代

在主从复合句中,第二句的代词主语经常指代第一句的名词主语。例如,

The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours.

The word they in the passage refers to

?qualities

?fins

?grooves

?depressions

在这一例子中,从句so that they…中的代词主语they指代主句的名词主语the fins,因此第二个选项为正确答案。

如果主从复合句中一个句子(可以是主句,也可以是从句)使用被动语态,包含被动语态的句子中的主语常指代另一句中的宾语。例如, Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.

The word none in the passage refers to

food

plant or animal

energy

big body

在本例中,if引导的从句使用了被动语态,代词主语none指代前面主句中的宾语energy。因此,第三个选项为正确答案。

2.并列动词中的指代

如果一个句中有两个并列的动词,第二个动词的代词宾语经常指代前一个动词后的名词宾语。例如,

Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

The word “that” in line 27 refers to

(A) contemporary art

(B) opportunity

(C) audience

(D) distinction

句中有两个并列的动词recognizing和 taking (into account),其中recognizing的宾语是distinction,而taking 的宾语是that。根据上述技巧,that指代distinction。因此,(D)为正确答案。

3. 平行结构中的指代

平行结构主要包括some/most/many/such/each…, others…; not only…but also…; the former…the latter等。在这种结构中,平行结构两个部分的两个代词经常指代同一对象:前一句中的名词主语。例如,

In Southwest France in the 1940s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters). Some follow each other in solemn parades, but others swirl about, sideways and upside down.

The word others in the passage refers to

chambers

paintings

beasts

parades

原文包含平行结构some…others,它们都指代前一句中的名词主语beasts,因此第三个选项为正确答案。

4. 所有格的指代

所有格代词经常指代其前面与其最接近的名词。例如,

Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.

The word “their” in line 1 refers to

(A) folk

(B) nations

(C) countries

(D) objects

根据所有格指代的解题技巧,their指代前面位置最近的名词objects,因此(D)为正确答案。

5. 指代的接力棒现象

这一现象是指被考的代词对应前面一个相同的代词,而前面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如,

While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location.

The word “they” in line 8 refers to

(A) North Americans

(B) news shows

(C) interviews

(D) opinions

在这一例子中,第二句中的代词they(reflect the opinions…)对应第一句中的they(are not…),而第一个they指代前面从句中的名词主语interviews,那么第二个they也指代interviews,因此(C)为正确答案。

除了上述情况之外,其他指代,如定语从句中(of which…, in which…, from which…)的关系代词指代先行词,from there结构中的there指代前面最接近的地点名词等,限于篇幅,不再详述。

托福阅读指代题例题及参考答案

指代关系题考查读者认定代词与篇章中其他词语的指代关系的能力。大家可以根据下面的例子在真题中找到相似题加以练习,相信会有不错的效果。

例题1:

Passage: “…These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If pots have no bottoms or have large openings in their sides, they could hardly be considered containers in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits…”

The word they in the passage refers to

A. applied-art objects

B. the laws of physics

C. containers

D. the sides of pots

正确答案是A.

例题2:

Passage:“…The first weekly newspaper in the colonies was the Boston Gazette,established in 1719, the same year that marked the appearance of Philadelphia‘s first newspaper, the American Mercury, where the young Benjamin Franklin worked. By 1760 Boston had 4 newspapers and 5 other printing establishments; Philadelphia, 2 newspapers and 3 other presses; and New York, 3 newspapers. The distribution, if not the sale, of newspapers was assisted by the establishment of a postal service in 1710, which had a network of some 65 offices by 1770, serving all 13 colonies…”

The word which in the passage refers to

A. distribution

B. sale

C. newspaper

D. postal service

正确答案是D.