托福阅读分数老是提不上去怎么办
托福阅读提分不易，考生如果不掌握解题方法技巧只靠大量做题来积累经验实际提分效果往往并不理想。为了帮助考生更有效率地提升成绩，下面小编就为大家介绍几个比较实用的阅读提分做题方法技巧，一起来看。
托福阅读分数老是提不上去怎么办
阅读词汇题加深对熟词的警惕
熟悉托福考试的同学都知道，托福阅读试题中的词汇题经常会出现一些难度比较大的词汇，因此在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，很多人存在的问题反而是那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。究其原因，做不认识单词时，考生往往会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，大家就更容易忽略上下文的重要性，往往是装模作样的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于端正态度，对于生词本就应该引起重视，而对于熟词也绝不能放松大意。
带着问题看完文章再做题
在考试的时候，很多考生一拿到试卷便直接翻看后面的题目，自己揣测题意。在这种方法相当于瞎子摸象，对文章只有局部而主观的认知，整个文章的概念是根本无法获得的。以自己的思想去猜测文章大意，很多时候会偏离主旨。所以，这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。建议大家先看过题目不要看选项，然后带着题目看文章，看完后再解题，这样才是比较符合考试要求的阅读做题顺序方法。
读文章要兼顾细节和速度
有些同学与上述情况则相反，过度地依赖文章，在看到试卷之后，一字不将文章精读一遍再做题。如果你的阅读速度超群，或者这篇文章你很熟悉，那这样做未尝不可。但是一般来说，采用细读会导致做题时间严重不足。要知道，阅读理解测试的不止是理解，更是速度。
托福阅读TPO33第3篇:灭绝事件
托福阅读原文
Extinction Episodes of the Past
【1】It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million yearsago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth andproduced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall ofbiodiversity. Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen, butthere have been some notable exceptions. Biodiversity collapsed dramaticallyduring at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. Thefive major mass extinctions receive most of the attention, but they are only oneend of a spectrum of extinction events. Collectively, more species went extinctduring smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent. The best knownof the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of thedinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
【2】Starting about 280 million years ago, reptiles were the dominant largeanimals in terrestrial environments. In popular language this was the era “whendinosaurs ruled Earth,” when a wide variety of reptile species occupying manyecological niches. However, no group or species can maintain its dominanceindefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs cameto a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish,evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriadof diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know ontologists label this point in Earth’s history as the end of the Cretaceousperiod and the beginning of the Tertiary period, often abbreviated as the K-Tboundary. This time was also marked by changes in many other types of all, about 38 percent of the families of marine animals were lost, withpercentages much higher in some groups Ammonoid mollusks went from being verydiverse and abundant to being extinct. An extremely abundant set of planktonicmarine animals called foraminifera largely disappeared, although they reboundedlater. Among plants, the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in theabundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns, club mosses, horsetails,and conifers and other gymnosperms. The number of flowering plants (angiosperms)was reduced at this time, but they then began to increase dramatically.
【3】What caused these changes? For many years scientists assumed that acooling of the climate was responsible, with dinosaurs being particularlyvulnerable because, like modern reptiles, they were ectothermic (dependent onenvironmental heat, or cold-blooded). It is now widely believed that at leastsome species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to beendotherms (animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature bygenerating heat internally). Nevertheless, climatic explanations for the K-Textinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may have beenendothermic, because even endotherms can be affected by a significant change inthe climate.
【4】Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when agroup of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million yearsago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000kilometers per hour. They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud ofdust that enveloped Earth, shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation andreducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels. Short-term effects might haveincluded huge tidal waves and extensive fires. In other words, a series ofevents arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive ially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence. Atlocations around the globe, geologists had found an unusually high concentrationof iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about 65 millionyears ago. Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earth’s surface,but it is abundant in some meteorites. Therefore, Alvarez and his colleaguesconcludedthat it was likely that the iridium in sedimentary rocks deposited atthe K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite or asteroid. Most scientistcame to accept the meteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circularformation, 180 kilometers in diameter in diameter and centered on the northcoast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteorite impact about 65million years ago.
托福阅读TPO33第3篇题目:灭绝事件
托福阅读试题
word "proliferation" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest inmeaning to
ine.
nction.
ease.
ation.
graph 1 supports which of the following statements about life onEarth before the Cambrian period?
iversity levels were steady, as indicated by the fossil record.
ls of biodiversity could not be tracked.
most dramatic extinction episode occurred.
microscopic species existed.
h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.
dominance of dinosaurs came to an end 65 million years ago, at whichtime mammals began to flourish and diversify.
use no group of species can remain dominant forever, mammals becamethe dominant group when dinosaurs became extinct.
r being the dominant group for more than 200 million years, the ageof dinosaurs came to a dramatic end 65 million years ago.
diverse group of mammals that we know today, including bats andwhales, evolved from small terrestrial forms that had been dominated bydinosaurs.
rding to paragraph 2, why are dinosaurs popularly said to have "ruledEarth" during the Cretaceous period?
saurs were the only species of reptile that existed during the wholeof the Cretaceous period.
saurs won the battle for food resources over mammals during theCretaceous period.
saurs survived extinction during the Cretaceous period, whereas manyother animal species did not.
saurs were the physically and ecologically dominant animals duringthe Cretaceous period.
rding to paragraph 2, which of the following species initiallyincreased in number at the K-T boundary?
saurs.
minifera.
s.
noid mollusks.
does the author note that "even endotherms can be affected by asignificant change in the climate"(paragraph 3)?
argue that there was a significant climate at the time thatendothermic dinosaurs became extinct.
argue that climate change caused some dinosaurs to evolve asendotherms.
support the view that at least some of the dinosaurs that becameextinct were endotherms.
defend climate change as possible explanation for the extinction ofdinosaurs.
word "generated"(paragraph 4) in the passage is closest in meaningto
ected.
uced.
ad.
d.
word "extensive"(paragraph 4) in the passage is closest in meaningto
spread.
en.
rous.
equent.
rding to paragraph 4, all of the following contributed to the massiveextinctions of the K-T period EXCEPT:
l waves.
s.
fficient solar radiation.
ium.
rding to paragraph 4, which of the following statements explains theimportance of the discovery of high levels of iridium rocks?
provided evidence that overexposure to solar radiation led to the K-Textinction.
showed that more than one cataclysmic event was responsible for theK-T extinction.
suggested that the cause of the K-T extinction may have been ameteorite striking Earth.
provided evidence that the K-T extinction occurred 65 million yearsago.
rding to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about theYucatan Peninsula?
circular formation there was caused by a meteorite impact 65 millionyears ago.
mentary rocks from that area have the lowest iridium concentration ofany rocks on Earth.
e is evidence that a huge tidal wave occurred there 65 million yearsago.
ence found there challenged the meteorite impact theory.
h of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about themeteorite theory?
data originally presented as evidence for the theory were eventuallyrejected.
scientists did not accept it when it was first proposed.
has not been widely accepted as an explanation for the K-Textinction.
rez subsequently revised it after a circular formation was found inthe Yucatan Peninsula.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? This focusedon the chemical composition of ancient rocks.
Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when agroup of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million yearsago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000kilometers per hour. They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud ofdust that enveloped Earth, shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation andreducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels. Short-term effects might haveincluded huge tidal waves and extensive fires. In other words, a series ofevents arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.■【A】Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.■【B】At locations around the globe, geologists had found an unusually highconcentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about65 million years ago. ■【C】Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon nearEarth's surface, but it is abundant in some meteorites. ■【D】Therefore, Alvarezand his colleagues concluded that it was likely that the iridium in sedimentaryrocks deposited at the K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite orasteroid. Most scientist came to accept the meteorite theory after evidence cameto light that a circular formation, 180 kilometers in diameter in diameter andcentered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteoriteimpact about 65 million years ago.
14. Prose Summary
The K-T extinction 65 million years ago is the best known of the five majorextinction episodes since the Cambrian period.
ectively, the five major extinction episodes resulted in theelimination of a larger number of species than did all the minor extinctionevents.
K-T extinction eliminated the dinosaurs and ammonoid mollusks but wasfollowed by the diversification of mammals and gymnospermous plants.
extreme cooling of the climate could not have caused the K-Textinction of dinosaurs, because, while most dinosaurs depended on environmentalheat, some did not.
K-T extinction of the dinosaurs is the only mass extinction that hasbeen explained by the impact of a meteorite.
1980 Luis Alvarez proposed that the K-T extinction was caused byecological disasters brought about by the impact of a meteorite strikingEarth.
F.A high concentration of iridium in sedimentary rocks at the K-T boundaryand a large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula from 65 million years agostrongly support Alvarez' hypothesis.
托福阅读TPO33第3篇参考答案:灭绝事件
iferation，繁殖，激增，对应C。
2.推断题：定位句It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 millionyears ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earthand produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall ofbiodiversity.主要意思是直到寒武纪才能够监测生物多样性。言外之意就是在寒武纪之前就不能监测生物多样性，对应B选项。
3.解析句子简化题：该长句其实是2个长句的并列;主要分成2个意思：第一是没有任何一种生物能永远地统治，第二是恐龙灭亡之后，哺乳动物开始发展统治，且两层意思之间可以构成因果关系。所以只有B选项满足所有条件。
4.解析细节题：定位句Starting about 280 million years ago, reptiles were the dominantlarge animals in terrestrial environments. In popular language this was the era"when dinosaurs ruled Earth," when a wide variety of reptile species occupyingmany ecological niches.对应D选项。
5.解析细节题：定位句Paleontologists label this point in Earth's history as the endof the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period，oftenabbreviated as the K-T boundary. This time was also marked by changes in manyother types of organisms. Overall, about 38 percent of the families of marineanimals were lost, with percentages much higher in some groups
Ammonoid mollusks went from being very diverse and abundant to beingextinct.题干中的范围限定initially，因此只可能是Ammonoid mollusk.选D。
6.解析修辞目的题：题干中的even甚至，表示程度的递进。定位句Nevertheless, climatic explanations for theL-T extinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may havebeen endothermic。即后半句的原因解释了气候理论为什么不被反驳。
rate，产生，选B。
nsive，广泛的，选A。
9.解析否定细节题：定位句 Short-term effects might have included huge tidal waves andextensive fires. In other words, a series of events arising from a singlecataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.对应A选项，B选项。定位句 They believedthat its impact generated a thick cloud of dust that enveloped Earth, shuttingout much of the incoming solar radiation and reducing plant photosynthesis tovery lowlevels.意思是这种冲击产生了大量的厚尘云，遮蔽了天空和阳光。对应C选项。而D选项，iridium是有关灭绝的证据，但并非构成灭绝的原因。
10.解析细节题：定位句Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line ofevidence. At locations around the globe, geologists have found an unusually highconcentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about65 million years ago.意思是说小行星撞击理论一开始主要的证据就 是在地球的岩石中发现了大量的iridium(铱)。因此其重要性就是说明该撞击理论是物种大灭绝的原因。
11.解析细节题：定位句Most scientists came to accept the meteorite theory afterevidence came to light that a circular formation, 180 kilometers in diameter andcentered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, was created by a meteoriteimpact about 65 million years ago.意思是说在Yucatan Peninsula背岸的大坑是陨石撞击的结果。对应A选项。
12.解析推断题：定位句 Initially, the meteorite theory was based on a single line ofevidence. 一开始仅依赖于单一证据的理论，暗示了证据还不够充分。定位句 Most scientists came to accept themeteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circular formation，180kilometers in diameter and centered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,was created by a meteorite impact about 65 million yearsago.在环形坑证据出现之后大多数的科学家才开始接受小 行星撞击理论，就是说一开始大多数科学家对该理论是持有怀疑态度的。即答案就是B。
13.解析句子插入题：给出的句子中出现了this的指代提示，表示前面的内容可能 与石头的化学组成无关，而该句的下一句应该与化学组成有关。因此只有第二个方框满足条件。在第二个方框之后才出现了对于iridium的讨论。
K-T extinction eliminated the dinosaurs and ammonoid mollusks butwas followed by the diversification of mammals and gymnospermousplants.正确。对应第二段段落大意，没有永生的统治者，恐龙之后现在是哺乳动物和植物的天下。
In 1980 Luis Alvarez proposed that the K-T extinction was caused byecological disasters brought about by the impact of a meteorite strikingEarth.正确。对应第四段主旨：小行星撞击地球假说。
A high concentration of iridium in sedimentary rocks at the K-T boundaryand a large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula from 65 million years agostrongly support Alvarez, hypothesis.正确。对应第四段解释小行星撞击地球假说的重要证据。一个证据是Iridium在地球岩石中的大量出现，另一个证据是巨大环形坑的发现。
