双语科技百科(近现代成就) 第107期:星火计划
The Spark Program
At the end of the 1970s, the reform of economic institution first started in rural areas in family output related contract responsibility system was established and has aroused the farmers’ enthusiasm for getting rich through hard working and brought about a significant change to the production relations in the rural areas. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the township industries have developed rapidly and the rural economy has become unprecedented active. The specialization and commercialization of agricultural production have made the farmers more and more aware of the importance of science and technology, and hence the requirements for sciences have widely emerged in the rural areas. In March 1985 , the Chinese government started the reform of scientific and technological institution in the whole country, further clarifying the policy for the development of science and technology,“Economic construction must rely on science and technology and scientific and technological workers to be oriented toward rural economy”, extend research achievements of science and technology to rural areas and help develop the rural economy. China is a large agricultural country with the rural population occupying 80% of the national total, and to solve the problems of agricultural, rural areas and farmers is needed by realizing the modernization of China and promoting the development of rural productive May 1985 , the Ministry of Science and Technology submitted to the State Council a suggestion to “implement a batch of scientific and technological projects of quick benefit so as to promote Local economy” , in which the proverb “A single spark can start a prairie fir” was quoted, hence came the name of Spark Program, meaning that the spark of science and technology will extend over the vast rural areas of China. The Chinese government approved the implementation of this program in early 1986.
20世纪70年代末期，中国经济体制的改革率先在农村起步。家庭联产承包责任制的建立，激发了亿万农民劳动致富的热情，使中国农村生产关系发生了一次重大变革。进入80年代以后，乡镇工业发展迅猛，农业经济空前活跃。农业生产的专业化、商品化使农民越来越认识到科学技术的重要性，从而使农村普遍产生了对科学的需求和渴望。1985年3月，中国政府在全国实行科技体制改革，进一步明确了“经济建设必须依靠科学技术，科学技术工作必须面向经济建设”的科技发展方针，为广大科研院所和科技工作者面向农村经济主战场、向农村推广科技成果、帮助农村发展经济提供了契机。中国是一个农业大国，农村人口占80%，解决农业、农村和农民问题是实现中国现代化的关键，从这个基点出发，顺应全国经济体制改革的形势和农村生产力发展的需要，1985年5月，国家科委向国务院提出了“关于抓一批短、平、快科技项目促进地方经济振兴”的请示，引用了中国的一句谚语“星星之火，可以燎原”誉名为“星火计划”。寓意为科技的星星之火，必将燃遍中国的农村大地。1986年初中国政府批准实施这项计划。The Spark Program is the first program approved by the Chinese government to promote the development of rural economy by relying on science and technology and is an important component of plans for the national economic and scientific and technological development. The purpose of the program is to introduce advanced, appropriate technologies into the rural areas and lead the farmers to rely on science and technology in the rural areas, promote rural productivity, and expedite the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of agriculture and rural economy.
星火计划是经中国政府批准实施的第一个依靠科学技术促进农村经济发展的计划，是我国国民经济和科技发展计划的重要组成部分。其宗旨是：把先进适用的技术引向农村，引导亿万农民依靠科技发展农村经济，引导乡镇企业的科技进步，促进农村劳动者整体素质的提高，推动农业和农村经济持续、快速、健康发展。
