双语科技百科(近现代成就) 第94期:我国早期激光技术的发展
China's Early Development of Laser Technology
In 1957, Wang Daheng and other saentists set up China's first professional optical lnstitute-the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( Changchun) Optical Precision Instruments Machinery Research Institute ( "MRI" ) in Changchun. Under the leadership of the older generation of experts, o number of young science and technology workers grew rapidly, Deng Ximing is one of the outstanding representatives. As early as in 1958, not long after the United SR:rtes physicists Xiaoluo, Townes published their famous laser papers, he actively promoted this new technology research , then with the combination of the innovative spirit of the young and middle-aged research team proposed substantial increase brightness light source, color units, coherence of ideas and experimental programs in a short time. In 1960 the world's firs laser come out. In the summer of 1961, under the auspices of Wang Zhijiang, China's first ruby laser developed. Within a short space of a few years, laser technology developed rapidly, and a number of advanced achievements were produced. Various types of solids, gases, chemicals and semiconductor lasers hcrve been successfully developed. In the basic research and key technologies, a series of new concepts, new methods and new technologies ( such as mutation and cavity Q-to-Gt, traveling wave amplification, Re-use system, free electron oscillations radiation, etc. ) have been put forward and implemented, many of which are unique.
1957年，王大珩等在长春建立了我国第一所光学专业研究所——中国科学院（长春）光学精密仪器机械研究所（简称“光机所”）。在老一辈专家带领下，一批青年科技工作者迅速成长，邓锡铭是其中的突出代表。早在1958年美国物理学家肖洛、汤斯关于激光原理的著名论文发表不久，他便积极倡导开展这项新技术研究，在短时间内凝聚了富有创新精神的中青年研究队伍，提出了大量提高光源亮度、单位色性、相干性的设想和实验方案。1960年世界第一台激光器问世。1961年夏，在王之江主持下，我国第一台红宝石激光器研制成功。此后短短几年内，激光技术迅速发展，产生了一批先进成果。各种类型的固体、气体、半导体和化学激光器相继研制成功。在基础研究和关键技术方面、一系列新概念、新方法和新技术（如腔的Q突变及转镜调Q、行波放大、铼系离子的利用、自由电子振荡辐射等）纷纷提出并获得实施，其中不少具有独创性。At the same time, as a high-brightness, high-directional, high-quaIity, and other advanced features of the new light source, laser was used in various technical fields quickly, demonstrating a strong vitality and competitiveness. On communication, in September 1964, television pictures were transmitted by laser demon- stration, and in November 1964, calls were achieved in 3 km t0 30 km. On industry, in May 1965, with laser drilling machine successfully used in Drawing Die Blanking production, significant economic benefits were acquired. On Medicine, in June 1965, retinal laser welding for the animals and clinical trials were conducted. On national defense, in December 1965 , laser rangefinder Diffuse Reflectance ( accuracy of 10m/10km) successfully developed, and in April 1966, remote control pulse laser Doppler velocimeter successfully developed.
同时，作为具有高亮度、高方向性、高质量等优异特性的新光源，激光很快应用于各技术领域，显示出强大的生命力和竞争力。通信方面，1964年9月用激光演示传送电视图像，1964年11月实现3—30千米的通话。工业方面，1965年5月激光打孔机成劝地用于拉丝模打孔生产，获得显著经济效益。医学方面，1965年6月激光视网膜焊接器进行了动物和临床实验。国防方面，1965年12月研制成功激光漫反射测距机（精度为10米/10千米），1966年4月研制出遥控脉冲激光多普勒测速仪。
