政治新明星 印尼草根总统维多多

A stickler for details, Jakarta governor Joko Widodo was enjoying himself on Thursday as he organised handouts for the poor, checked traffic conditions on his office CCTV system and discussed city hall politics with his brash deputy.

7月的某一天，注重细节的雅加达省长佐科•维多多(Joko Widodo)正在游刃有余地处理工作。他安排发放给穷人的救济，在自己办公室的监控系统上查看交通状况，并和作风张扬的副手讨论市政政治。

But he was interrupted by urgent phone calls from the presidents of Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste – a sign that this master of micromanagement is moving up in the world. Two days earlier, Mr Widodo had been elected the next president of Indonesia, the world’s third-biggest democracy, and they wanted to congratulate him.

但斯里兰卡和东帝汶两国总统打来的紧急电话打断了他的工作——这是这位微观管理大师在国际上地位上升的信号。两天前，维多多当选为全球第三大民主国家印尼的下任总统，斯里兰卡和东帝汶两国总统打来电话表示祝贺。

Despite his spectacular rise, he is keeping cool as he spends his last few weeks as governor. “I never thought I could be a president, coming from a poor family on the riverbank,” he tells the Financial Times, wearing a dark batik shirt and black trousers. “But I’m calm, following the Javanese philosophy of ojo kagetan – don’t get excited.”

尽管引人瞩目地一跃成为下任总统，但维多多在其担任省长的最后几周仍保持头脑冷静。他身穿深色蜡染衬衣和黑色裤子，向英国《金融时报》表示：“我出身于河边的穷人家庭，从未想过能成为总统。但我遵循爪哇人不要骄傲自大(ojo kagetan)的信条，现在很平静。”

The world has seen accidental presidents before. But few have acceded to the top job accidentally on purpose.

世人以前目睹过有人偶然当上总统，但没有几个人曾刻意地“偶然”当上总统。

Just over two years ago, few in Indonesia or beyond had heard of the 53-year-old former furniture salesman who was then mayor of Solo, his sleepy home town in the province of Central Java. But an unexpected victory against a powerful incumbent in Jakarta’s gubernatorial election in 2012 thrust the softly spoken, self-made businessman on to the national stage. His campaign message then, and in the bitter presidential contest against former general Prabowo Subianto, was straightforward: I am not corrupt, I am down to earth and I get things done.

仅仅在两年多前，印尼国内和国际上还很少有人听说过维多多。现年53岁的他做过家具销售员，当时是中爪哇省(Central Java)梭罗市(Solo)市长。那个缺乏活力、睡意沉沉的城市是维多多的家乡。但维多多在2012年的雅加达省长选举中意外击败强大的当权派，这位温文尔雅、白手起家的商人从而登上了全国舞台。他竞选雅加达省长时的竞选宣言，跟他与印尼前将军普拉博沃•苏比安托(Prabowo Subianto)激烈角逐总统一位时的一样，都是简单直接的一句：我不腐败，我脚踏实地，我能做成事情。

With his trademark red-and-blue checked shirt – a symbol of his humble background – and his folksy nickname of Jokowi, he charmed his way into power in a country where politics has long been dominated by an elite clique. Mr Widodo’s rapid ascent from obscurity rivals that of US President Barack Obama, to whom he bears a likeness.

维多多常常穿一件标志性的红蓝相间格子衬衫（象征自己出身卑微），还有个草根味十足的绰号——佐科威(Jokowi)。凭借着自己的魅力，他在一个长期由精英集团主导的国家里攀升至权力巅峰。从默默无闻到迅速成为世界的焦点，维多多的经历可与美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)相媲美，两人的长相也有些相似。

He has benefited from frustration with the graft-ridden establishment as much as from his own record of local government reforms. He has brilliantly exploited the political vacuum but, with three months until he replaces President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, there are weighty expectations on Mr Widodo’s slim shoulders. Can he mimic his earlier success at national level? Does he have the mettle to tackle structural problems such as the growing fuel subsidy bill, a shortage of infrastructure and endemic corruption? With Indonesia’s economic growth at a five-year low and investor sentiment towards this once-hot emerging market turning tepid, these are crucial questions.

他的崛起不仅受益于民众对当权派腐败横行的失望，也受益于他推行地方政府改革的成功。他极其巧妙地利用了这种政治真空，但在3个月后就将接替苏西洛•班邦•尤多约诺(Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono)出任印尼总统之际，他瘦弱的肩膀眼下承载着厚重的期望。他能在印尼全国复制自己早期的成功吗？他有没有那样的勇气，去解决能源补贴账单日益高昂、基础设施匮乏和腐败横行等结构性问题？印尼经济增长正处于5年来的低点，投资者对这个一度炙手可热的新兴市场也失去了热情，因此这些问题眼下都至为关键。

Born in 1961 in a humble riverside dwelling in Solo, Mr Widodo followed his parents into the small-scale timber industry. After studying forestry at Gadjah Mada university, one of Indonesia’s best, he set up his own furniture factory and began to export around the world. Although he had a position of prominence as head of the local furniture makers’ association, he was not well known in Solo when he stood as the city’s first directly elected mayor in 2005.

维多多于1961年出生于梭罗市河边的一个小户人家，早年跟随父母开始做小规模木材生意。在印尼顶尖大学之一的加札马达大学(Gadjah Mada)攻读完林学之后，他创办了自己的家具厂，开始向世界各地出口产品。尽管当时他已经比较知名，是当地家具制造商协会会长，但在2005年成为梭罗市首位直选产生的市长时，他在该市并不为广大民众熟知。

He won and was re-elected in 2010 with 90 per cent of the vote, after revamping the city of 500,000 people by refurbishing markets, relocating slum dwellers and driving growth by cutting red tape. This took him into Jakarta’s city hall two years later. In the capital he broadened access to health and education, kick-started long-delayed transport projects and ousted incompetent bureaucrats. On the presidential campaign trail, he trumpeted his municipal successes but struggled to elucidate a vision for the country.

担任梭罗市长期间，他对这座拥有50万人口的城市进行了改造，翻修市场、重新安置贫民窟居民、以简化繁琐手续推动增长，之后在2010年，他以90%的得票率成功连任。以此为基础，他在两年后当上雅加达省长。在雅加达，他扩大了医疗保险和教育的覆盖范围，启动了拖延已久的交通项目，并罢免了无能的官员。在总统竞选活动中，他大力宣扬自己在地方施政上的成功，却很难拿出一项全国层面上的清晰施政纲领。

Under attack from Mr Subianto’s well-organised team, Mr Widodo saw a 30 percentage point poll lead evaporate to nothing. But a week before the election, on July 9, he upped his game and rallied his millions of campaign volunteers, who helped him to win by a margin of 6 per cent – more than 8m votes.

在苏比安托的组织良好的团队的攻击下，维多多曾眼看着自己在民调中30个百分点的领先优势化为乌有。但在7月9日大选前的一周里，他加大了努力，征集了数百万竞选志愿者，这帮助他以领先6个百分点（逾800万张选票）的优势赢得大选。

A man of contradictions, he is beloved of both slum dwellers and bond vigilantes. Many Indonesians like him because, he says, he has “the face of someone from the village”. But he is also a successful businessman. He declared personal wealth of $2.5m during the election campaign, in a country where the average income per capita is $3,500.

维多多是一个矛盾之人，他既受到贫民窟居民的爱戴，也受到“债市侠客”(bond vigilantes)的拥护。他说，许多印尼人之所以喜欢他，是因为他长着一张“乡下人的脸”。但他同时也是一位成功的商人。他在竞选期间曾公开自己拥有250万美元的财富，而印尼的人均收入是3500美元。

He won the presidency because of his image as a non-politician but is politically astute: Mr Subianto and his tycoon brother had backed his campaign to be governor of Jakarta in the hope that their support for a clean local leader would improve Mr Subianto’s questionable reputation. But, without publicly turning on Mr Subianto, Mr Widodo quietly launched his own presidential bid when he realised he was by far the most popular politician in Indonesia.

他之所以能赢得选举，是因为他虽然长得不像政客，却具有政治上的敏锐性：苏比安托及其身为企业大亨的弟弟曾支持维多多竞选雅加达省长，因为他们希望通过支持一个清廉的地方领导人，改善苏比安托的可疑声誉。但是当维多多意识到自己是印尼迄今最受欢迎的政客的时候，他没有公开向苏比安托发难、而是悄然着手自己参选总统。

Cheekily, Mr Widodo plays down his ambitions, claiming somewhat implausibly that he first thought of running for president “when my party proposed me as a candidate” in March. Marcus Mietzner of the Australian National University warns that, despite his charm, Mr Widodo will struggle to manage relations with his Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle, chaired by mercurial ex-president Megawati Sukarnoputri, and with a fragmented House of Representatives. “He will not be the messiah that some people made him out to be,” he says.

维多多顽皮地掩盖着自己的雄心，他有些令人难以置信地宣称，当今年3月“其所在政党提出让他担任候选人的时候”，他才有了竞选总统的想法。澳大利亚国立大学(Australian National University)的马库斯•米茨纳(Marcus Mietzner)警告称，尽管维多多富有魅力，但他将很难处理好与他所在的印尼斗争民主党，以及派系林立的众议院的关系。米茨纳表示：“他不会如某些人期望的那样成为救世主。”印尼斗争民主党的主席是前总统梅加瓦蒂•苏加诺普特丽(Megawati Sukarnoputri)，此人性格反复无常。

Mr Widodo himself does not offer any dramatic solutions. He simply promises to focus on improving the lives of Indonesians at a time when inequality is rising rapidly. His wife, who runs a wedding hall in Solo, and three adult children should help keep him grounded, having so far tried to avoid the spotlight.

维多多本人没有提出任何引人注目的解决方案。他只是承诺将致力于改善印尼人的生活，而此际印尼的不平等状况正迅速恶化。维多多的家人迄今一直在努力避免成为公众关注的焦点。他的妻子在梭罗市经营一家婚纱店，三个孩子均已成年，他们应该会帮助维多多保持平衡心态。

As he prepares to move into the presidential palace, he says he will not let the wall of security officers cut him off from the spot inspections that defined his approach to local government. “I must control them,” he says, jabbing his finger in the air. “I must manage them, not them controlling me and managing me. In Indonesia, leading by example is very important. If I show the example, others will follow.”

维多多在即将搬进总统官邸之际表示，他将不会让安保官员的屏障阻止他继续施行在地方政府执政时经常采用的实地考察。他手指空中说道：“我必须控制他们，管理他们，而不是让他们控制和管理我。在印尼，以身作则非常重要。如果我以身作则，其他人就会效仿。”