越南骚乱过后 中国游客一去不返

DA NANG, Vietnam — The year began well for Mai Thanh Trung, newly employed at a travel company here that caters to Chinese tour groups. Mr. Trung said he regularly greeted charter flights from the Chinese mainland and pocketed an average monthly commission of about $600.

越南岘港——麦忠程(Mai Thanh Trung)进入岘港一家接待中国旅游团的公司不久，对他来说，今年开年的形势很不错。麦忠程说，他经常接待来自中国大陆的包机乘客，每月可以拿到600美元（约合人民币3700元）的提成。

But then came May, when a state-owned Chinese company parked an oil rig near Vietnam’s central coast in a part of the South China Sea that both countries claim. Two days of anti-Chinese riots followed in southern and central Vietnam. And, according to hospitality professionals in this central coast city of nearly one million, the inbound Chinese tourism market crashed.

但是到了5月，一家中国国有企业在靠近越南中部海岸的一片海域部署了一个石油钻井平台，中越两国都声称拥有这片海域的主权。两天之后，越南南部和中部爆发了反华骚乱。于是，在这个拥有近百万人口的中部海岸城市，中国人入境旅游市场崩溃了，这里的酒店业人士说。

Mr. Trung, 24, said the flights that once brought his Chinese clients stopped in late May, leaving him and his 50 colleagues temporarily unemployed. He sat idle for weeks in his home village, 25 miles south of Da Nang, watching the World Cup on television.

24岁的麦忠程说，5月下旬开始，给他带来中国客户的航班就停飞了，因此他和50位同事暂时失了业。这几周来，他都在岘港以南25英里的老家村里看世界杯电视转播。

The rig began moving north, toward Hainan Island in China, on July 15. Mr. Trung said that seemed to have prompted a trickle of Chinese tourists to return, and that he expected to make at least $200 this month in commissions. But the unrest over the rig and continuing tense relations have rattled his sense of job security.

7月15日，这个钻井平台开始向北面的海南岛移动。麦忠程说，此举似乎导致了中国游客人数的小幅回升；他预计这个月自己至少可以拿到200美元的提成。但钻井平台带来的动荡不安，以及仍在持续的紧张关系，已经破坏了这份工作的安全感。

“Right now it’s going back to Hainan Island, but we don’t know when it will come back,” he said of the rig.

“现在它回海南岛去了，但我们不知道什么时候它又会回来，”他谈到这个钻井平台时说。

Although at least four Chinese workers died in the riots, order was restored quickly. But China and other countries issued advisories citing potential risks to public safety in Vietnam. Tourism specialists said the Chinese advisory led thousands of people to cancel trips, in part because it invalidated some travel insurance policies.

尽管至少有四名中国工人在骚乱中死亡，秩序很快得到了恢复。但中国和其他国家发布了越南公共安全存在潜在风险的公告。旅游专家表示，中国的公告导致数千人取消了行程，部分是因为它使得一些旅游保险失去了效力。

Chinese accounted for about a quarter of the nearly 4.3 million foreign visitors to Vietnam in the first six months of 2014. But in June, arrivals from the Chinese mainland fell about 30 percent and those from Hong Kong fell 72 percent, compared with May.

2014年的前六个月，越南接待了430万境外游客，中国游客约占其中四分之一。但在6月，中国大陆游客比5月减少了约30%，香港游客减少了72%。

“They became a little bit afraid,” said Matthias Wiesmann, general manager at the Furama Resort Danang, one of the city’s many beachfront properties. The hotel lost 10 percent to 15 percent of its business, or about 2,800 room nights, in May and June, he said. Nguyen Xuan Binh, director of the government’s Da Nang Center for Tourism Promotion, said the average occupancy rate at the city’s beachfront hotels was 60 percent to 70 percent in late June, compared with the usual 80 percent to 90 percent. But Ken Atkinson, chairman of the tourism working group at the Vietnam Business Forum, a public-private consortium, suggested that rate was probably not higher than 30 percent or 40 percent.

“他们有点害怕了，”岘港富丽华大酒店(Furama Resort Danang)的总经理马蒂亚斯·维泽曼(Matthias Wiesmann)说。该市有很多这样的海滨酒店。今年5月和6月，这家酒店的客房业务滑坡10%到15%，相当于2800个总房夜，他说。阮轩平（Nguyen Xuan Binh，音译）是官方机构岘港旅游推广中心(Da Nang Center for Tourism Promotion)的主任，他表示，今年6月下旬，该市海滨酒店的平均入住率是60%到70%，往年通常在80%到90%之间。但肯·阿特金森(Ken Atkinson)表示入住率为大概不超过30%或40%，阿特金森是官方与企业联合设立的联盟“越南商业论坛”(Vietnam Business Forum)旗下旅游委员会的主席。

Mr. Binh says Da Nang is as safe as ever. He predicted that Chinese tourists would return but said that he did not know when.

阮轩平说，岘港和以往一样安全。他预计中国游客会回来，但说他不知道具体是什么时候。

“They’ll come to Da Nang and see the reality,” he said.

“他们会到岘港来，看到真实的现况，”他说。

Mr. Binh, the Da Nang tourism official, said growth in the city’s inbound Chinese tourism market before May was mainly related to a sharp rise since 2012 in charter flights operated by Vietnam Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines. He said Dragonair, a sister airline of Cathay Pacific, had also opened non-charter flights between Hong Kong and Da Nang.

阮轩平说，5月之前，岘港中国人入境旅游市场的增长，主要和2012年以来包机航班的急剧增多有关，经营这些航班的有越南航空公司(Vietnam Airlines)、中国东方航空公司和中国南方航空公司。他说，国泰航空(Cathay Pacific)的姊妹航空公司港龙航空(Dragonair)，也推出了香港和岘港之间的非包机航班。

A spokeswoman for the state-owned Vietnam Airlines declined to comment on the Chinese tourism slump, saying in an email that the company was still “collecting and evaluating” related information. China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines did not respond to email seeking comment.

国营越南航空公司的一位女发言人拒绝对中国人入境旅游市场的衰退进行置评，她在一份电子邮件中说，这是因为该公司仍在“收集和评估”相关信息。中国东方航空公司和中国南方航空公司均未回复请求就此事置评的电子邮件。

Cathay Pacific and Dragonair canceled a total of 23 return flights between Hong Kong and three regular Vietnam destinations — Da Nang, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City — between late May and the end of June, said Erica Peng, Cathay Pacific’s Vietnam country manager. She added that the airlines normally operated 33 weekly flights from Hong Kong to those cities, including seven Dragonair flights to Da Nang.

5月底和6月底之间，国泰航空及港龙航空取消了香港和越南三个常规目的地——岘港、河内和胡志明市——之间的总共23个回程航班，国泰航空的越南地区经理彭彧表示。她还说，在正常情况下，国泰航空每周有33个从香港飞往这些城市的航班，包括港龙航空七个飞往岘港的航班。

Mr. Binh, the tourism official, said the “main driver” behind the Da Nang charter flights from China was the Crowne Plaza Danang, a large hotel on the city’s beachfront. Four hospitality executives on the central coast echoed his analysis, saying the Crowne Plaza caters almost exclusively to Chinese tour groups.

前述负责旅游事务的官员阮轩平表示，从中国到岘港的包机航班背后的“主要驱动因素”是该市的大型海滨酒店岘港皇冠假日酒店(Crowne Plaza Danang)。中部海岸地区的四名酒店业高管赞同他的分析，称皇冠假日酒店几乎只为中国旅游团服务。

On a recent summer afternoon, Zhang Lei, a Chinese businessman from Henan Province, stood beside the pool in the Crowne Plaza’s deserted beachside courtyard. He said that aside from the friends he was traveling with, he had not met any other Chinese-speaking guests during his stay and that many Chinese were not traveling to Vietnam because of the South China Sea dispute and the factory riots in May.

前不久的一个夏日午后，来自河南省的中国商人张雷（音译）站在皇冠假日酒店的游泳池旁，他所在的临海小院颇为冷清。张雷说，除了同行的朋友外，他住在这里期间没有遇到其他任何一个说中文的客人，并称因为南海争端和5月的工厂骚乱，许多中国人不来越南。

“China has helped Vietnam so much over the years, but the Vietnamese have turned against us,” Mr. Zhang said while sipping from a coconut.

“这些年，中国帮了越南这么多，但越南人却和我们作对，”张雷一边从一个椰子里小口啜饮椰汁一边说。

A Crowne Plaza employee, who declined to give his name because he was not authorized to speak with the news media, said Chinese typically were 70 percent to 80 percent of the hotel’s clientele. Emma Corcoran, a spokeswoman for the hotel’s parent company, InterContinental Hotels Group, declined a request for an interview with the hotel’s general manager.

皇冠假日酒店的一名员工称，中国人通常在酒店客人中占70%到80%。因为无权接受新闻媒体的采访，这名员工要求匿名。该酒店的母公司洲际酒店集团(InterContinental Hotels Group)的女发言人埃玛·科科兰(Emma Corcoran)拒绝了采访酒店总经理的请求。

Clarence Tan, the company’s chief operating officer for Southeast Asia and resorts, said in an emailed statement that China’s recent tourism advisory from the Chinese government, coupled with the reduction in direct chartered flights into Da Nang, had contributed to a decline in Chinese arrivals at the company’s Da Nang properties.

该公司负责东南亚事务和度假村的首席运营官陈汉泉(Clarence Tan)在一份通过电子邮件发出的声明中表示，中国政府最近发布的旅游公告，以及直达岘港的包机航班的减少，导致公司在岘港的酒店接待的中国游客减少。

Despite the drop in Chinese arrivals, Vietnam still expects to welcome 8.2 million international tourists this year, Nguyen Manh Cuong, vice chairman of the national tourism agency, told reporters on July 9, days before the Chinese oil rig left the disputed area of the South China Sea. The total for last year was nearly 7.6 million, official figures show.

7月9日，越南全国性旅游机构的副主席阮曼强(Nguyen Manh Cuong)告诉记者，尽管中国游客减少，但越南今年依然有望接待820万国际旅客。几天后，中国的钻井平台离开南海的有争议水域。官方数据显示，越南去年总共接待了近760万国际游客。

The rig’s departure appears to have increased overall tourist confidence in Vietnam, said Mr. Wiesmann, of the Furama Resort Danang. He added that business at the beachfront property had nearly returned to normal by late July, because of upticks in Australian, Japanese, South Korean and Vietnamese guests.

岘港富丽华大酒店的维泽曼表示，钻井平台的离去似乎提振了游客对越南的总体信心。他接着表示，到7月末，因为澳大利亚、日本、韩国和越南客人的增加，该海滨酒店的业务几乎回归到了正常水平。

Mr. Wiesmann said inbound Chinese tourism, though still sluggish, was improving “little by little,” though it remained unclear when, or whether, the market would recover fully.

维泽曼说，中国游客入境游市场虽然依然不景气，但正在“逐渐”改善，不过尚不清楚这个市场何时，或会不会完全恢复。

“It’s a little bit difficult to predict,” he said.

“有些难以预料，”他说。