中英双语话历史 第62期:隋朝的成就

Sui Dynasty was a transitional dynasty. During the Emperor Wen and the Emperor Yang’s earlier governing period, China's politics, economy, military, culture and so on had consolidated and developed.

隋朝是承前启后的一个朝代，在文帝统治时期和炀帝统治初期，中国的政治、经济、军事、文化等各方面均有所巩固和发展。

First, in the political aspect，Sui readjusted the relation between the central and local government，restored old systems such as three minister, three vice minister and the system of nine-rank. And the Sui Dynasty established three provinces and departments , strengthened the centralization of central authorities.

首先在政治方面，隋 朝调整了中央与地方的统治机构，恢复了被废除多年的三师、三公、九卿的旧制，确立了三省六部新制，增强了中央集权统治。

The social system had stabilized by makinguThe Sui law.

通过制定《隋律》稳定了社会秩序。

Moreover, the government began to use imperial examination which offered a way to Chinese feudalistic society selecting talented persons.

另外，开设了科举制度，为以后中国封建社会人才选拔方式提供了一个蓝本。

In the economy, Emperor Wen ordered to restructure household register, check population, promote land equalization system and adjust to endow services.

在经济方面，文帝下令整顿户籍，清查人口，继而推行均田制，调整赋役。

In addition, because of many years of battle before the Sui Dynasty, there were no standardized monetary system, weights and measures, these greatly influenced market merchandise of trade and circulation.

另外，由于隋朝以前连年的战乱，各朝没有统一的币制和度量衡，这极大的影响了市场商品的交易与流通。

Therefore, after the establishment of Sui Dynasty it forbid to use old money, and unified the <4five-z/m coins that conforms to specifications and strictly punished those who privately produced mint coins.

因而，隋朝建立以后首先宣布禁用旧钱，统一发行合乎规格的“五铢钱”，严惩私铸钱币。

In the meantime, it also regulated the standard of the copper and iron ruler nationally.

同时，还规定了标准的铜斗铁尺，颁行全国。

In this way, it created a good condition for the sustainable and steady development of economy.

这样以来，为经济持续稳定地增长创造了良好条件。

The excavating of <4the Grand Canar, is worth mentioning for it played an important role in the South and the North economy.

值得一提的是大运河的开凿，对南北经济的交流起了很大作用。

On the fourth years of KaiHuang (584), the government built "Guang Tong Dike” to lead Wei water to Tongguan for the sake of the instauration agricultural production and expanding canal transport capacity.

为了恢复农业生产和加强漕运力量，于开皇四年(584)开“广通渠”引渭水直达潼关。

On the first year of DaYe(605), Emperor Yang ordered to construct “The Grand Canal” which goes through south to north.

大业元年 (605 )，隋炀帝下令开通一条贯通南北的大运河。

It is about 4 000 ~ 5 000 Li , which is divided into 4 parts, namely the Yongji Channel, Tongji Channel, Han Channel and Jiangnan Channel，with LuoYang as the center. It became the main watercourse between the south and the north with reaching ZhuoJun county in the northeast and Yuhang in the southeast as its ends.

大运河分永济渠、通济渠、邗沟和江南河四段，全长四五千里，以东都洛阳为中心,东北通到涿郡，东南到余杭，成为南北交通的大动脉。

Along with the development of social production, natural science and liberal art the Sui Dynasty also made a substantial progress, such as astronomer Liu Zhuo published his “The Greatest Almanac”. He computed the year age only had a minor deviation from that of modern compute.

随着社会生产的发展，隋朝的自然科学与人文艺术也有了长足的进步。如著名的天文学家刘焯制订了“皇极历”，他计算的岁差与现代计算出的准确值相差无几。

The greatest achievement on the construct engineering was Anji Bridge in Zhao county of Hebei province.

而在工程建筑方面，最突出的成就莫过于河北赵县安济桥的兴建。

The bridge designed by Li Chun was regarded as the earliest bridge in the world.

这座由李春设计的石桥被公认为世界上最早的一座“空撞券桥”。

The painting, music, dancing in the Sui Dynasty sprang out and a number of outstanding artists emerged, such as painter, Zhan Ziqian and his picture M You Chun Tu M(The picture of outing in Spring).

隋代的绘画、音乐、舞蹈等 各方面也涌现出一大批杰出的代表人物，如画家展子虔和他的《游春图》等。

In less than thirty years, the Sui Dynasty recovered the relationships with outside world, which were broken by the separation and disunity of the warlords and army commands in the Five Dynasties. The trading through “Silk Road ” promoted China and the West communication mutually. In East Asia ambassadors from Xin-luo, Baiji and Japan visited the Sui Dynasty frequently. In particular, a number of Japanese monks and students came to study. Emperor Yang Sent Pei Ju to the west to invite merchants from different places to visit and trade in China. Emissaries were also sent to countries such as Zhenia and Chitu in Southeast Asia. China’s status and influence in Asia improved a lot during the Sui Dynasty . These made a great foundation to the Tang Dynasty.

在短短三十几年中，隋王朝恢复了几个世纪以来因割据纷乱几乎中断的对外关系。通过“丝绸之路”的商业往来，促进了中国与西亚的相互交流;在东亚，隋与 新罗、百济、日本的使者来往频繁，特别是日本有不少的僧人、学生到中国来学习；隋炀帝派裴矩到西域，招引各地商人来参观贸易，还派使者远至东南亚真腊、赤土 等国，使隋代中国在亚洲的地位和影响力都得到增强，为后世盛唐打下了一定的基础。

Along with the improvement of the foreign relations and the development of the exchanges，the geography also had a great development.

随着对外关系的改善和交流的发展，当时的地理学也有了较大的发展。

Emperor Yang ordered to write a book called “Qu 丫u Tu Zhi” Atlas of the Sui Dynasty embracing 1200 volumes. This graphic book compliedboth in pictures and articles and occupied high status in graphic development.

炀帝下令撰写的《区宇图志》共1200卷，是一部图文并茂的全国地理专著，在中国地理学发展史上占有相当重要的地位。

There are some similarities between the Sui Dynasty and the Qin in Chinese history.

在中国历史上，隋朝与秦朝相比，有许多相似之处。

Firstly, they all united China by their strong force and then accomplished a series of reforms，which facilitaed the development of economy.

首先，隋与秦都是凭借强 大的武力统一分裂多年的中国，而紧接着完成一系列改革，使经济得以发展。

At the same time， they taxed their people so much so that rendered them to resist. As a result, the authority finally collapsed and their regimes died out.

与此同时，又对人民大施徭役，致使民不聊生，终于使政权毁于一旦，短命而亡。

On the other hand，owing to the accumulation of country^ great resources and wealth, it made a great contribution to the following dynasty, therefore led the followers to their prime time of.

然而，也正是凭借此时国家对物资财富丰盈的积累，为后世的发展创造了良好的物质条件。从而带来了隋之后，中华民族引以为骄傲的盛唐文化。