双语畅销书《艾伦图灵传》第8章:水银延时线(120)
If the object were simply to produce a universal machine, it would be better to design and build it directly.
The point, however, was that the machine thus educated would not only acquire the capacity to carry out complicated instructions, which Alan described as like a person who 'would have no common sense, and would obey the most ridiculous orders unflinchingly'.
然而，问题的关键在于，这样的学习机器，需要的不只是指令，图灵把只会执行指令的机器形容为"最没脑子的人，只会照本宣科"。It would not only be able to do its duty, but would have that elusive 'initiative' that characterised intelligence.
而他设想的这种机器，不仅能够执行指令，而且具备某种"直觉"，这几乎是智能的象征。
Nowell Smith, worrying about the development of independence of character within a system of mere routine, could not better have formulated the problem:
诺威尔·史密斯很好地对这个问题进行了形式化：If the untrained infant's mind is to become an intelligent one, it must acquire both discipline and initiative.
新生婴儿的大脑，要逐渐变成一颗智能的大脑，它就必须要具有客观的规则，和主观的能动性。So far we have been considering only discipline.
目前为止，我们只考虑了客观的规则。To convert a brain or machine into a universal machine is the extremest form of discipline. Without something of this kind one cannot set up proper communication.
将一台机器，或者一颗大脑，转变成一个通用机，这是规则的最极端的形式。But discipline is certainly not enough in itself to produce intelligence. That which is required in addition we call initiative.
但是光有规则，是不能产生智能的，还必须要具有某种能动性。This statement will have to serve as a definition.
这个陈述，将会成为一种定义。Our task is to discover the nature of this residue as it occurs in man, and to try and copy it in machines.
我们的任务就是，研究人类的主观能动性，并尝试将其移植到机器上。
