悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第83期:雅典人宣判死刑

Whoever in reading Plato has experienced the divine directness and sureness of Socrates' whole way of proceeding must have a sense of the gigantic driving wheel of logical Socratism, turning, as it were, behind Socrates, which we see through Socrates as through a shadow.

凡是在柏拉图著作中稍为领略过苏格拉底的天真而稳健的处世之道的人，都会觉得在苏格拉底背后仿佛有苏格拉底主义理论之巨轮在飞转，而必须从苏格拉底之为人，立杆见影来观察它。

That he himself was by no means unaware of this relationship appears from the grave dignity with which he stressed, even at the end and before his judges, his divine mission.

然而，苏格拉底无论在甚么场合，甚至在法官面前，总是正气凛然，坚持他的神圣使命，可见他自己也已经预感到这种关系了。

It is as impossible to controvert him in this as it is to approve of his corrosive influence upon instinctual life.

真的，在这场合，既不能驳倒他，也不能嘉许他的直觉分析的影响。

In this dilemma his accusers, when he was brought before the Athenian forum, could think of one appropriate form of punishment only, namely exile:

由于这种难以解决的矛盾，当他终于被传到希腊国家公审法庭前，人们只能要求一种判罪方式，就是放逐。

to turn this wholly unclassifiable, mysterious phenomenon out of the state would have given posterity no cause to charge the Athenians with a disgraceful act.

人们大可以把他驱逐于国境外，好象是一个莫名其妙不可解释的谜，那末后世就没有理由来谴责雅典人做了这件不名誉的事。

When finally death, not banishment, was pronounced against him, it seems to have been Socrates himself who, with complete lucidity of mind and in the absence of every natural fear of death, insisted on it.

但是，雅典人却对他宣判死刑，而不徒是放逐，就好象是苏格拉底自甘赴难，以洞烛秋毫之明从容就义那样。

He went to his death with the same calm Plato describes when he has him leave the symposium in the early dawn, the last reveler, to begin a new day;

他临刑时泰然自若，有如柏拉图在另一篇中所描写的，他在一群饮者中最后离开酒会，迎着曙光，奔赴新的来日那样泰然，

while behind him on the benches and on the floor his sleepy companions go on dreaming of Socrates, the true lover.

当时喝得酩酊大醉的饮客还留下来，睡在靠椅上和地板上，梦着苏格拉底这个真正爱情至上论者。

Socrates in his death became the idol of the young Athenian elite.

临死的苏格拉底成了高尚的希腊青年的理想，一种空前的新思想；

The typical Hellenic youth, Plato, prostrated himself before that image with all the fervent devotion of his enthusiastic mind.

要之，这个典型的希腊青年柏拉图就五体投地，拜倒在他的形象之前，他的向往的心灵燃起热烈的钦佩。