悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第16期:抒情诗人

Schiller has thrown some light on his own manner of composition by a psychological observation which seems inexplicable to himself without, however, giving him pause.

席勒从心理方面观察，阐述他的创作过程，他自己虽然不能解释，但这似乎是可靠的。

Schiller confessed that, prior to composing, he experienced not a logically connected series of images but rather a musical mood.

他承认，创作活动之前预备阶段的心情，并不是先在眼前或心中有一连串依照思维程序排列起来的映象，而毋宁是一种音乐情调。

"With me emotion is at the beginning without dear and definite ideas; those ideas do not arise until later on.

“在我，感觉初时并没有明确固定的目的，这是后来才形成的。

A certain musical disposition of mind comes first, and after follows the poetical idea."

我先有某种音乐性的心情，只有在这之后才产生诗的思想。”

If we enlarge on this, taking into account the most important phenomenon of ancient poetry, by which I mean that union-- nay identity--everywhere considered natural, between musician and poet (alongside which our modern poetry appears as the statue of a god without a head), then we may, on the basis of the aesthetics adumbrated earlier, explain the lyrical poet in the following manner.

此外，让我再指出一切古代抒情诗最主要的一种现象——往往抒情诗人与音乐家自然而然结合于一身甚且同是一人。就这点来说，现代抒情诗，在相形之下，就好象没有头颅的神象了。所以，根据上述的审美形而上学，我们可以说明抒情诗人如下。

He is, first and foremost, a Dionysian artist, become wholly identified with the original Oneness, its pain and contradiction, and producing a replica of that Oneness as music, if music may legitimately be seen as a repetition of the world; however, this music becomes visible to him again, as in a dream similitude, through the Apollinian dream influence.

首先，抒情诗人，作为醉境艺术家，是完全同“太一”及其痛苦和矛盾彼此一致的；设使音乐堪称为世界的复制或再铸，就不妨说抒情诗人模仿太一而制为音乐。但是，现在在梦神的感召下，他见到音乐变成象征的梦景。

That reflection, without image or idea, of original pain in music, with its redemption through illusion, now produces a second reflection as a single simile or example.

于是，原始的痛苦模糊恍惚地反映在音乐上，又通过假象获得救济，便产生第二次的反映，成为一种独特的象征或范本。

The artist had abrogated his subjectivity earlier, during the Dionysian phase: the image which now reveals to him his oneness with the heart of the world is a dream scene showing forth vividly, together with original pain, the original delight of illusion.

艺术家在进入醉境的过程中，已经扬弃了他的主观性。现在，使他感到自己与宇宙心灵同化的那幅画景，成为这样的梦景：它体现了假象世界的原始矛盾，原始苦恼，乃至原始快乐。

The "I" thus sounds out of the depth of being; what recent writers on aesthetics speak of as "subjectivity" is a mere figment.

所以，抒情诗人的“我”是从他心灵深处发出的声音，现代美学家所谓抒情诗人的“主观性”不过是自以为是的幻想而已。

When Archilochus, the first lyric poet of the Greeks, hurls both his frantic love and his contempt at the daughters of Lycambes, it is not his own passion that we see dancing before us in an orgiastic frenzy: we see Dionysus and the maenads, we see the drunken reveler Archilochus, sunk down in sleep--as Euripides describes him for us in the Bacchae, asleep on a high mountain meadow, in the midday sun--and now Apollo approaches him and touches him with his laurel.

当第一个希腊抒情诗人阿奇洛科斯对吕甘伯斯（Lyoambas）的女儿表示热恋又表示蔑视之时，我们不仅见到他的热情如醉如狂地悸动，我们还见到酒神和他的侍女们，见到酩酊大醉的阿奇洛科斯陶然的睡态，正如欧里庇德斯在“酒神侍者”中所描写的在高山草地上日中高卧那样。现在，梦神走近来了，用月桂枝触他一下，

The sleeper's enchantment through Dionysian music now begins to emit sparks of imagery, poems which, at their point of highest evolution, will bear the name of tragedies and dramatic dithyrambs.

于是睡诗人的酒神音乐的魔力便发出如画的火花，这就是抒情诗，它的最高发展的形式谓之悲剧与酒神祭曲。