常听音乐的青少年会变抑郁?

Being plugged into an iPod is a hallmark of adolescence, but a new study suggests that teens who spend too much time listening to music may be at higher risk of depression.
塞上iPod成为青少年的一个特征，但是一个新的研究表明，花太多时间听音乐的青少年更有能患上抑郁症。

The study, led by Dr. Brian Primack, an assistant professor of medicine and pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, found that teens who reported listening to music more often — rather than using other types of media like TV and books — were at higher risk of having major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with teens who listened to music less frequently. With each level increase in music use, teens had an 80% higher risk of depression, the study found.
匹兹堡大学药学院医学和儿科学副教授Brian Primack博士所领导的研究发现，与那些较少听音乐的青少年相比，太常听音乐的青少年——比使用其他媒体形式如电视，书本的时间还多——患上抑郁症(MDD)的风险更大。每次使用音乐的时间增加，青少年就有80%的高风险会患上抑郁症，研究发现。

The study didn't measure total listening times, but based on previous data, the study authors estimated that teens in the highest-use group were likely listening to music for at least four or five hours a day.
该项研究并没有测算出总的听歌时间，但根据先前数据，研究人员估计最高使用音乐的青少年每天听至少4-5小时。

"At this point, it is not clear whether depressed people begin to listen to more music to escape, or whether listening to large amounts of music can lead to depression, or both," said Primack in a statement.
“这时，不知道是压抑的人为了逃避而听更多音乐，还是听太多音乐导致压抑，抑或是两者。”Primack在一个发言中说。

By contrast, researchers found that reading books had the opposite association: with each level increase in time spent reading, teens' risk of depression dropped 50%. "This is worth emphasizing because overall in the U.S., reading books is decreasing, while nearly all other forms of media use are increasing," Primack said.
相比之下，研究人员发现看书有相反的作用：每次读书时间越长青少年患上抑郁症的风险就下降50%。“这值得强调的，因为在美国总体上，读书的人在减少，而几乎其他所有媒体形式的使用却在增加。”Primack说。

For the study, the researchers surveyed 106 participants aged seven to 17 for two months; 46 participants had been previously diagnosed with depression. Throughout the course of the study, researchers made frequent weekend phone calls to the teens in order to determine, in real time, what forms of media they were using, including television, music, video games, Internet, magazines and books.
该项研究中，研究人员调查了106个7-17岁的青少年两个月；其中46个已经诊断患有抑郁症。整个研究过程中，研究人员经常在周末打电话给这些青少年，及时确定他们使用的是哪种媒体形式，包括电视，音乐，电子游戏，互联网，杂志和书本。

On average, teens were most likely to be watching a movie or TV when researchers called (26% of the time). Teens reported listening to music 9% of the time, followed by Internet use and video gaming (6% each) and, finally, reading printed media (0.2%). (Sadly, the researchers wrote: "Because there were so few individuals who used magazines and/or newspapers, we combined these data with books into a single print media category.")
一般，当研究人员打电话时，青少年最大可能是在看电影或电视（26%）。在听音乐的青少年占9%，接下来是使用互联网和玩电子游戏（各占6%），最后是读报刊出版物（0.2%）。（很可悲，研究人员写道：“因为太少人看杂志和/或报纸，所以我们把这些数据合并起来组成一类报刊出版物。”）

(恒星英语学习网原创编译,转载请注明出处!)Of all the media reported, only music showed significant associations with increased depression risk, after researchers controlled for factors like age, sex and ethnicity. But that doesn't necessarily mean that music causes depression — for some depressed teens, music may even help. The authors explain:
研究人员检查了如年龄、性别和种族这些因素后发现，所有报道的媒体形式中只有音乐跟患抑郁症风险增加有重要联系。但是那并不一定就意味着音乐引起抑郁症——对一些沮丧的青少年，音乐甚至可以帮助他们。作者解释：

Sadness is a common theme in popular music, and it may be that individuals with depression turn to these messages to make themselves feel less alone in their sadness. Conversely, it may also be that individuals with MDD turn to happy music to "tune out" their negative moods or to elevate their moods. Other researchers have suggested that heavy exposure to the sometimes dark themes of popular music may contribute to the development of conditions such as MDD.
“悲伤是流行音乐的共同主题，可能压抑的青少年把注意力转向这些信息使自己在悲伤中不觉得那么孤独。相反，患有抑郁症的青少年转向愉快的音乐可以“撇开”消极情绪或消除他们的情绪。其他研究人员也表示，经常接触流行音乐一些黑暗主题会导致像抑郁症之类情况的发生。”

Past research has also found links between depression and other forms of media like TV and video games. A seven-year study published in 2009, also led by Primack, showed that teens who watched more TV were more likely to become depressed in adulthood, compared with teens who watched less. So the researchers were surprised to find no such association in the current study, but suggest that further research is necessary to clarify potential links.
过去研究也发现抑郁症和其他媒体形式如电视和电子游戏之间的联系。2009年发表由Primack指导的长达7年的研究表明，相对于较少看电视的青少年，那些看太多电视的人长大后更有可能变得压抑。所以，研究人员很奇怪如今的研究中没有发现他们之间的联系，但表明需要更进一步的研究来说明潜在的联系。

Previous longitudinal research has also found that reading may have a mentally protective effect: teens who read more are less likely to become depressed as adults. The current study suggests that being depressed may also preclude time spent reading. "We sort of thought to ourselves that when you have depression, your brain is not working properly. So it's much harder to sit down to a book and have to use a lot of the frontal lobe of your brain to create the story and the characters in your head, whereas, it should be quite easy to flop down in front of a television and turn on whatever's there," Primack told WebMD.
先前的纵向研究也发现读书有精神上的保护作用：多读书的青少年长大后较少会变得压抑。如今的研究表明，沮丧也会妨碍读书的时间。“我们自己多少猜到，当你患上抑郁症时，大脑不能正确地运作。所以要坐下来看书，运用大量的大脑额叶在头脑中创造出故事和人物更难，然而，扑坐在电视机前面，转向电视上的内容就会非常容易。”Primack告诉MD网。

Although the connections between depression and various forms of media are significant, more research is needed to understand them better, especially considering the conflicting information.
即使压抑和各种媒体形式之间的关系是非常重要的，但是需要更多的研究来更好地了解它们，尤其是考虑到这些有冲突的信息。

But for now, Primack said the findings may be a way for parents to spot a potentially troubled teen. "It may be valuable for people to help pick up cues for common behaviors like listening to music," he said.
但是目前，Primack说这些结果可能是父母发现一个可能有问题的青少年的一种方法。“这对帮助收集如听音乐这些常见行为的线索的人非常有用。”他说。

(恒星英语学习网原创编译,转载请注明出处!)