盘点世界上的十大千年古城(上)

Cities with millennial history can offer you much more than just a beautiful architecture and unique artifacts. They bear the signs of previous epochs and civilizations. They display the development of mankind with both positive and negative sides. These cities are full of amazing stories and legends and they are the biggest lure for seasoned explorers.

拥有千年历史的城市能带给你的不仅是视觉上的盛宴——美丽的建筑物和独特的手工艺品。它们承载着先前文明纪元的印记；它们揭露了人类发展史上或进步或落后的进程。这些城市经久流传着道不完的瑰丽传说，吸引着一批又一批游人。

ang, China

10.中国，洛阳

While most old cities are located in the Mediterranean, Luoyang stands out as the oldest continually inhabited city in Asia. The city is also considered to be geographical center of China and the cradle of Chinese culture and history. There is no other city in China that has lived out so many dynasties and emperors like Luoyang. The city has been inhabited for more than 4,000 years and nowadays it is populated by nearly 7,000,000 people.

虽然大多数古城位于地中海附近，但是洛阳是整个亚洲人类居住史最长的城市。地理上看，洛阳处于中国领土的中心，是中国文化与历史的滥觞。还没有哪个中国城市能如洛阳一样在朝代更替间挺立依然。一代又一代的人在洛阳生息繁衍，四千年已过，目前的洛阳城依旧是700万人的家乡。

With such a long and exciting history, Luoyang has really a lot to offer. The Longmen Grottoes, which was included to the list of World Heritage Sites in 2000, and numerous historic Buddhist temples are real attractions for tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famed for the White Horse Temple, the first temple established in China.

洛阳悠久弘厚的历史底蕴不仅赋予了它丰富的城市内涵，还有数不清的历史遗迹。2000年被列入世界遗产的龙门石窟，以及其他众多的古寺庙吸引了世界众多游人。中国史上第一间落成的佛寺，白马寺也是游人趋之若鹜的洛阳景点。

div, Bulgaria

9.保加利亚，普罗夫迪夫

Plovdiv's history goes back to the 4,000 BC, which is proved by many Neolithic excavations. Over the centuries Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires, though originally it was a Thracian city. Later it was conquered by the Romans. In the Middle Ages Plovdiv was an alluring territory for the Bulgarian, Byzantine, and the Ottoman Empires. Only in 1885 the city became the part of Bulgaria. Nowadays it's the second largest city in Bulgaria and it's a significant economic, educational and cultural center.

普罗夫迪夫的历史可追溯到公元前4000年，而这一时间也是被很多新石器时代的考古挖掘所证实了的。时光流转，普罗夫迪夫的统治者也换了几轮。原先城市的色雷斯人统治者不久后被罗马人替代。中世纪时，这块诱人的土地又相继受到保加利亚、拜占庭和奥斯曼帝国的觊觎。直到1885年，普罗夫迪夫才正式归保加利亚所有。如今，普罗夫迪夫已然成为保加利亚第二大城市，是全国重要的经济、教育和文化中心。

I have been obsessed with the city for years. Last summer I was lucky to spend a couple of days in this magnificent city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets, neat beautiful houses and marvelous ancient architecture! The Old Town is definitely worth seeing. It is overwhelmed with restaurants, workshops and museums that were previously famous houses. Archeological sites, museums, churches and temples are also must-see places in Plovdiv.

我对普罗夫迪夫神往已久。去年夏天我在这令人心驰神往的城市度过了几天。这几天，我深深沉醉于普罗夫迪夫城中窄小的巷道、精致美丽的房屋和沉淀着悠长时光的古建筑。普罗夫迪夫的老城区绝对值得一看。这里多的是开在有名的建筑里的餐馆、工作坊和博物馆。同样，普罗夫迪夫的考古遗址、教堂和庙宇也不容错过。

po, Syria

8.叙利亚，阿勒波

The city of Aleppo is the largest in Syria as it is inhabited by more than 2 million residents. Aleppo has an incredibly advantageous geographical location; it is situated in the center of the Silk Road that connected Asia and the Mediterranean world. The territory of the city has been inhabited for more than 8,000 years but the archeological digs have found the evidence of habitation that dates back to nearly 13,000 years ago. At various epochs Aleppo was controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, as a result it has mixed architectural styles.

阿勒波是叙利亚最大的城市，居住人口多达200万。阿勒波地理位置优越，它正好处在丝绸之路的中心，连接亚洲和地中海地区。阿勒波的人类聚居的历史长达8000年，但考古发现却显示其人类聚居史可至13000年前。悠远的时间长河里，阿勒波曾相继被罗马人、拜占庭人和奥斯曼人所占，因此，城中建筑多见其三者混合风格。

The old city is overfilled with caravanserais, schools, hammams and churches of 13th and 14th centuries. The old city is also defined by narrow alleys and big estates; while the modern part of Aleppo is characterized by broad roads and large squares. The interesting fact is that the old city of Aleppo consists of cell-like segments, which are socially and economically independent. Aleppo had been subjected to permanent invasions and instability, and the residents were compelled to fortify the city. Aleppo is often called "the soul of Syria".

阿勒波城中随处可见建于13、14世纪的旅馆、学校、土耳其澡堂和教堂。古城以窄巷以及大的庄园为主；而新城则建起了宽阔的街道和占地面积广大的广场。有趣的是，阿勒波古城由一些社会和经济上独立的细小分区组成。阿勒波曾饱受侵略与动荡，居民们都不得不筑防御工事。人们常常称阿勒波为"叙利亚的灵魂"。

cho, Palestine

7.巴勒斯坦，耶利哥

Archeological digs have attested to the evidence of the human habitation dating back almost 11,000 years ago with at least 20 following settlements. But nowadays Jericho is a small town with the population of 20,000 people. In the Hebrew Bible it is called the City of Palm Trees.

考古发现耶利哥的人类聚居史可追溯到11000年前，已证实的定居点不下20个。而现在耶利哥却只是一座人口仅20000的小城镇。《希伯来圣经》中耶利哥被称作棕榈树之城。

Jericho is located in the center of Palestine, which means it's an ideal place for routes and trade. Moreover, Jericho's natural beauty and resources became the cause of numerous invasions to an ancient Palestine. In the first century it was destroyed by the Romans, rebuilt by the Byzantines and destroyed again. Jericho had been deserted for centuries. Over the 20th century the territory of Jericho has been occupied by Jordan and Israel. In 1994 the territory became the part of Palestine. Jericho's most famous sites include Tell es-Sultan, Hisham's Palace and Shalom al Yisrael Synagogue Mosaic Floor.

耶利哥地处巴勒斯坦中心，优越的地理位置意味着耶利哥在物流商业方面有着极大的优势。再者，耶利哥得天独厚的自然风光与资源也成为古巴勒斯坦数度被侵的原因。在1世纪时，这座古城几近被罗马人摧毁，但却重建于拜占庭人之手，而后再遭毁灭。耶利哥也曾荒废了几个世纪。在20世纪时，耶利哥曾为约旦和以色列瓜分。直至1994年才收归巴勒斯坦。耶利哥城内有名的景点包括泰勒苏丹、希沙姆王宫以及沙洛姆以色列犹太教会堂的马赛克地板。

ula, Mexico

6.墨西哥，乔鲁拉

Over 2,500 years ago the city of Cholula developed from numerous scattered villages and it had been a residence of various Latin-American cultures like the Olmecs, Toltecs, and the Aztecs. The name of the town means "place of flight" in Nahuatl and it was former called Acholollan. When the town was conquered by Spaniards, it began flourishing. Cortez once called Cholula "the most beautiful city outside Spain."

2500年前，乔鲁拉由无数个分散小村庄发展成为如今城市的模样，不同的拉丁文化在此交汇：奥美克人、托尔特克人以及阿芝特克人都曾在此定居。"乔鲁拉"在纳瓦特尔语中意为"飞行之地"，它曾被称作阿初洛兰。只当乔鲁拉被西班牙占领之后，它才开始兴盛起来。西班牙探险家科尔特斯就曾称赞乔鲁拉为"西班牙外最美丽的城市"。

Nowadays it's a small colonial town with the population of 60,000 residents. The most prominent attraction of the city is the Great Pyramid of Cholula with the sanctuary on the top, which is known to be the largest man-made monument ever. The pyramid of Cholula is highly underestimated. It consists of multiple tunnels and caves with the total length of 8 kilometers. However, only 800 meters of these tunnels are transformed into passages and open to the public.

乔鲁拉现在是个人口只有6万的殖民小镇。乔鲁拉最出名的是乔鲁拉大金字塔，金字塔顶上还有一座圣殿。乔鲁拉大金字塔是目前世界已知的最大的人工所造的纪念碑。然而这描述却远未能及其实。乔鲁拉大金字塔内含数不清的隧道和洞穴，总长达到了8千米。然而目前对外开放的隧道长度却仅有800米。

翻译:敖-有没 审校:烟囱 编辑:旭旭 来源：前十网