美国评出"最让人担惊受怕"的15种工作

Halloween is the time to speak aloud our gravest fears, and perhaps buy a Lycra bodysuit version of them for $24.98. CareerBuilder has joined in the festivities, surveying more than 4,300 U.S. workers about what they consider the scariest jobs. There seem to be some recurring themes, like those jobs that involve the dead, the dying, a risk of death -- and public speaking.
万圣夜是我们大声说出心中最大恐惧的时候，也许再花24.98美元买上一套莱克拉紧身衣。凯业必达网（CareerBuilder）也加入了节日的庆祝中，对超过4300名美国劳动人民，对“什么是他们所认为最担惊受怕的工作”进行了调查。似乎有一些公共演讲中反复出现的题目，如那些工作涉及到死者，濒临死亡的人以及存在死亡的风险。

1. Bomb Squad Technician

Salary: $54,000

拆弹技师

工资：54,000美元/年

Training: High school degree or equivalent, five years as a police officer, and a training period at a specialized facility, like the six-week course at the FBI Hazardous Devices School in Huntsville, Ala.

Red wire or blue wire? Ten seconds. Red wire or blue wire? Nine seconds. Twenty thousand innocent lives within bomb radius. Seven seconds. Probably at least 500 sleeping babies. Five seconds. Your mom. Four seconds. RED WIRE OR BLUE WIRE? Three seconds. Blue has always been your favorite color. Two seconds. Why did you ever decide to become a bomb squad technician? One second.

培训要求：高中或同等学历，有5年的警龄，并且在专门机构进行一段时间的培训，如在亚拉巴马州亨茨维尔市的FBI危险装置学校参加6周的课程学习。
红线还是蓝线？只剩10秒钟。红线还是蓝线？9秒。在爆炸范围内有2万条无辜的生命。7秒。可能至少有500名熟睡的婴儿。5秒。还有母亲。4秒。到底是红线还是蓝线？3秒。蓝色一直是你最喜欢的颜色。2秒。为什么你要决定成为一名拆弹专家呢？1秒。

2. High-Rise Window Washer

Salary: $28,770

高层玻璃清洁工

工资：28,770美元/年

Training: High-rise window washers usually need certification. For International Window Cleaning Association certification, the aspiring window washer must take four correspondence exams, specializing in commercial ground-based window cleaning, rope descent systems, and suspended scaffolds. American high-rise washers need specific training in regional standards.

Cleanliness is next to godliness, they say. But when cleaning the 102nd floor windows of the Empire State Building, you are actually next to God. Combining the detail-focus of a custodian with the fearlessness of a circus acrobat, high-rise window washers waltz daily with death to keep our skyscrapers agleam. Peering into all those offices might reveal some pretty scary stuff too.

培训要求：高层玻璃清洁工通常需要有资格证。如国际窗户清洁协会的资格证书，要想成为窗户清洁工必需参加4种函授考试，专门针对商业楼房的窗户清洁、安全绳索系统和悬浮脚手架方面的考试。美国高层建筑清洁工根据地方标准需要特殊的培训。

清洁紧挨着“圣洁”，他们说。当你清洁帝国大厦第102层的玻璃时，你真的就站在了上帝的身旁。清洁玻璃时，即要有马戏团杂技演员的勇敢精神，又要谨记管理员的“注重细节”。高层玻璃清洁工们为了让我们的摩天大楼整洁亮丽，每天都在与死神跳着华尔兹。窥视一下那些窗明几净的办公室，可能也泄露出一些相当让人可怕的事情。

3. Armed Forces Member

Salary: $23,400 plus bonus (private first class)

Training: Recruits usually enter the army as a private first class, after completing 10 weeks of basic training.

One of the few jobs which has as a requirement a willingness to put your life on the line.

军人

工资：每年23,400美金+奖金（一等兵）

培训要求：通常新兵入伍后完成10周的基本训练，就可以成为一等兵。

少数几种需要你心甘情愿奉献生命的工作之一。

4. Miner

Salary: $25.60 per hour or $53,160 per year.

矿工

工资：每小时25.60美元或每年53,160美元

Training: To fulfill the Mine Health and Safety Administration safety requirements, new miners must spend a minimum of 24 hours learning safety procedures and rescue, first aid, and miner rights and responsibilities.

Hydrogen sulfide leaks, methane explosions, mine-stope collapses, oh my! Coal mining is an ancient profession, and has been recognized as wildly risky since the very start. There are the obvious dangers that come with descending as far as hundreds of feet underground. Then there are the sneakier ones, like pulmonary disease, bladder cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, silicosis, renal disease, emphysema, "black lung" and lung cancer.

培训要求：为了达到矿山安全健康监管机构的安全要求，新矿工需要至少花费24小时来学习安全规程、安全救援、急救以及矿工的权力和义务等知识。

硫化氢泄露、甲烷爆炸、煤矿坍塌，天呢，太危险了！煤矿开采是一种古老的职业，有史以来，就一直被认为是风险极高的职业。进入到地下几百英尺深的地方，危险是显而易见的。还有更糟糕的事情，如肺病 、膀胱癌、类风湿性关节炎、硅肺病、肾病、肺气肿、“黑肺病”以及肺癌。

5. Police Officer

Salary: $41,257

警察

工资：41,257美元/年

Training: All high school graduates can apply to be a cop, as long as they are drug-free and have no criminal record. If you're hired, your local police office will send you to a police academy for 12 to 14 months to learn the laws of the land.

Your job is to hunt down danger, and then hold your ground against some of the most fearless, and well-armed human beings.

培训要求：只要不吸毒、无犯罪纪录，所有高中毕业生均可申请成为警察。如果你获聘了，当地警察局会送把你送到警察学院12到14个月，来学习国家法律。

你的工作是追踪危险，恪守职责来打击一些最胆大妄为并配有武器的人。

6. Alaskan Crab Fishing

Salary: $84,930

阿拉斯加捕蟹人

工资：84,930美元/年

Training: There is no formal crab fishing license. Hang around on the Alaskan docks during high crab season (fall and winter) and chances are that you could score a job as a greenhorn -- a lowly deckhard who performs the grunt work for half the salary of a regular crew member. Prove yourself, however, and an often extremely lucrative job as a crab fisherman could eventually be yours.

"Deadliest Catch" is perhaps America's major portal into the world of Alaskan crab fishing: The unshaven, nicotine-stained men out braving the stormy Pacific to bring us hunks of fresh crustacean. And as its title both threatens and promises, "Deadliest Catch" became the first reality TV show to document a star's death. The fatality rate among Alaskan crab fishers is about 80 times that of your average worker.

培训要求：不需要有正式的捕蟹执照。捕蟹的旺季（秋天和冬天），你在阿拉斯加州的码头上闲逛，就有机会获得一份作为新手的活儿——一个地位低下的甲板苦力，干些体力活，薪水是正规船员的一半。然而，如果你能够证明一下实力，最终你会得到这份非常赚钱的工作—— 成为一名捕蟹人。

记录片《致命捕捞》也许是了解阿拉斯加州捕蟹世界的主要入口：不刮胡子、满身带有尼古丁痕迹的男人们，勇敢地来到太平洋的暴风骤雨中，给我们带来丰厚而又新鲜的甲壳类海产品。即危险又充满了希望，正名记录片的题目一样，《致命捕捞》成为首部记录一位明星的死亡的真人秀节目。阿拉斯加捕蟹渔民的死亡率是普通工作者的80倍。

7. Mortician

Salary: $41,440

殡仪业者

工资：41,440美元/年

Training: Aspiring morticians must complete an Associate Degree, or equivalent credits, pass a state or national board licensing licensing examination, and spend one to three years as an apprentice.

The job of mortician technically isn't dangerous, unless you believe hanging out with dead people all the time muddles your shakras. Dressing up, beautifying, casketing, embalming, burying and cremating are vital and solemn duties, but they all require a daily confrontation with your own mortality, which can be pretty frightening.

培训要求：想成为殡仪业者必须获得大专学历或修得同等学分，然后通过州或国家委员会的执业资格考试，还要再做上1年到3年的实习生。

从理论上讲，殡仪业者的工作并不危险，除非你相信一直与死人打交道会搅乱你的“能量轮”。化妆、美容、入棺、防腐、埋藏和火葬都是重要而又严肃的职责，但是这些每天都会提醒你面对自己也会终究一死的必然事实，可能相当令人恐惧。

8. Firefighter

Salary: $41,300

消防员

工资：41,300美元/年

Training: Applicants need at least a high school diploma, as well as 20/20 vision. To become an active-duty firefighter, you must spend 600 hours training over 12 to 14 weeks. And to even enter a training program, you must prove your physical prowess in a series of tests.

When every molecule in your body tells you to run away from the burning building, as a firefighter you have to resist the urge, override it and plunge in.

培训要求：申请人至少要有高中文凭和20/20的正常视力。要是想成为一名正式的消防队员，你需要经过12到14周600小时的训练。甚至需要参加职训计划，你必须在一系列的测试中证明你的身体技能。

当你身体内每个细胞都告诉逃离失火的建筑物时，作为一名消防员，你必须克制这种冲动，超越它，投入火场进行战斗。

9. High School Teacher

Salary: $43,800

Training: Future educators must complete a bachelor's degree and a state-approved certificate preparation program.

Trying to impress the importance of photosynthesis upon 30 rowdy youngsters is a challenge, especially when you know they're drawing cartoons of you naked as you do it.

高中老师

工资：43,800美元/年

培训要求：作为未来的教育家必须完成学士学位和国家认证的教学实习。

试图让30个吵闹的少年记住光合作用的重要性真是一个挑战，特别是当你知道你在努力授课时，他们正在画你的裸体漫画。

10. Cemetery Worker

Salary: $42,250

墓地工人

工资：42,250美元/年

Training: There is no formal training required, although the VA's National Cemetery Administration (NCA) Training Center offers instruction and professional development to those who manage and operate the country's 131 veterans' cemeteries and the Arlington National Cemetery.

"What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter? ... And when you are asked this question next, say 'A grave-maker.' The houses that he makes last till doomsday."These are the words of a gravedigger in "Hamlet," one of the more famous cemetery workers of all time. But not the most. That honor would probably go to Abraham Lincoln, who worked for a time in an Indiana churchyard, as did Rod Stewart, Joe Strummer of The Clash and Major League Baseball player Dave Vanian. While preparing man's final resting place is now seen as a somewhat noble job, in pagan times the "vespillones" were considered unclean. Manhandling corpses does, after all, have a high heebie-jeebie factor.

培训要求：虽然没有正规的培训要求，但是对于那些在国家131老兵公墓和阿林顿国家公墓进行工作和管理的人员，弗吉尼亚州的国家公墓管理局（NCA）培训中心提供实践课程和专业培训。

“能比石匠、船匠和木匠建造出更坚固的建筑的人，他是谁？当有人问你这个问题时，你会马上说‘建墓人’，他所建造的房子能够撑到世界末日。”这是来自《哈姆雷特》里盗墓者的话，其中一个一直以来是非常著名的墓地工作者之一，但他并不是最出名的。这个荣誉应该授给给亚伯拉罕·林肯，他在印地安那州的教堂墓地工作过一段时间，洛史都华（Rod Stewart）、撞击乐队（the clash）的乔·斯特拉默尔（Joe Strummer）和美国职业棒球大联盟的棒球手戴夫·凡尼都曾在墓地工作过。“为人类准备最后的寓所”，现在或多或少被认为是一种高尚的工作，在异教徒时代，“葬礼承办人”被认为是不洁净的。毕竟，人工处理尸体的总会让人有心慌慌的感觉。

11. Exterminator

Salary: $32,840

害虫消灭员

工资：32,840美元/年

Training: High school diploma or equivalent. Most places provide on-the-job training, and some states require that their pest control technicians get formally licensed.

Human beings have evolved to jump away from spiders, cockroaches, rats, bedbugs, earwigs, lice, fleas and centipedes. Not only can these creatures deliver nasty bites and bumps, but they can also carry a ton of diseases, like E. coli, leprosy, typhoid, polio, cholera and tuberculosis.

培训要求：高中文凭或同等学历。大多数地方会提供在职培训，而有些州则要求他们的害虫防治技术员得到正规的资格证书。

从类已经进化成见到蜘蛛、蟑螂、老鼠、臭虫、蠼螋、 虱子、跳蚤、和蜈蚣等害虫就吓得立刻跳开的地步。这些生物不但会脏兮兮地咬你一口让你身上长疱，还携带大量的疾病，如埃布氏菌（E. coli）、麻疯病、伤寒病、脊髓灰质炎、霍乱和肺结核。

12. Stand-Up Comedian

Salary: Whatever you can hustle.

Training: Years of battling bullies on the schoolyard with your razor-sharp wit.

When you tell a joke and no one laughs, it can be embarrassing. When you tell a joke on a brightly lit stage in front of a crowd of people who have paid a bunch of money to laugh, and no one laughs, it can be horrifying.

独角滑稽秀演员

工资：看你能“忽悠”多少

培训要求：用机敏的才智，经年地在校园内与“恶霸”们斗争。

你讲了一个笑话，却没人笑，这可能会很丢脸。但是你站在灯光闪耀的舞台上，面对一群付了大把钞票来找乐的观众，你讲了一个笑话，却没人笑，这就会很恐怖。

13. Animal Control

Salary: $30,940

动物控制官

工资：30,940美元/年

Training: Animal control officers may work with police or health departments as municipality employees, or get contracted through a humane society. Apart from a high school diploma and some experience with animals, there are no standard qualifications for the job. A few states, however, require formal, accredited training.

Animal control officers rescue animals from street corners, abandoned homes and abusive owners. That means dealing with a lot of traumatized animals -- and abusive owners.

培训要求：动物控制官可以作为市政局的雇员与警察或卫生部一起工作，或者与慈善机构签订合同。除了需要高中文凭和一些与动物相处的相关经验外，这项工作不需要正规的资格证。但是，有少数几个州需要正规的委托培训。

动物控制官的职责是从街头、废弃的家园和虐待动物的主人手里解救动物们。这就意味着要对付大量精神受到伤害的动物——和野蛮的物主。

14. Stunt Person

Salary: $70,000 (once you are well-known and experienced)

Training: You can attend a stunt school for three weeks of intensive training.

Your job description is to do everything that a sane, reasonable human being has decided that they don't want to do.

特技演员

工资：70,000美元/年（当你有了名气和经验时）

培训要求：你可以参加一所特技表演学校，进行3周的强化训练。

你的工作说明就是去做那些心智健全、大脑清楚的人绝对不想做的事情。

15. Politician

Salary: $174,000 (U.S. House and Senate Members)

政客

工资：174,000美元/年（美国众议院和参议院的议员）

Training: To become a congressman or senator you have to get elected. Many careers feed into the Capitol -- law, business, medicine, real estate -- but a successful career in national politics usually starts at a young age at the local level.

Imagine tweeting a picture of your bulging crotch to a lady friend, and suddenly seeing your bulging crotch on every major TV network. Terrifying.

培训要求：成为国会议员或参议员首先你必须得当选。有许多职业都可以通向国会大厦，如律师、商人、医学、房地产——但是，一名成功的国家职业政客，职业生涯通常在很年青的时候就从地方开始。

想像一下，你把一张“下身突起”的照片“推特”给你一位女性朋友，突然间你发现，在所有重要的网络电视上，你都能看到那张“下身突起”的照片。恐怖！