英语口译 央行行长建议创建新国际储备货币

China's central bank yesterday proposed replacing the US dollar as the International reserve currency with a new global system controlled by the International Monetary Fund.
中国人民银行(People's Bank of China)昨日提议，创建一个由国际货币基金组织(IMF)控制的新全球体系，取代以美元作为国际储备货币的现行体系。

In an essay posted on the People's Bank of China website, Zhou Xiaochuan, the central bank's governor, said the goal would be to create a reserve currency “that is disconnected from individual nations and is able to remain stable in the long run, thus removing the inherent deficiencies caused by using credit-based national currencies”.
央行行长周小川在央行网站发表文章表示，改革的目标是“创造一种与主权国家脱钩、并能保持币值长期稳定的国际储备货币，从而避免主权信用货币作为储备货币的内在缺陷”。

Analysts said the proposal was an indication of Beijing's fears that actions being taken to save the domestic US economy would have a negative impact on China.
分析人士表示，这一提议表明，北京担心美国拯救本国经济所采取的措施会对中国产生负面影响。

“This is a clear sign that China, as the largest holder of US dollar financial assets, is concerned about the potential inflationary risk of the US Federal Reserve printing money,” said Qu Hongbin, chief China economist for HSBC.
汇丰(HSBC)中国区首席经济学家屈宏斌表示：“这是个明确的迹象，表明作为美元金融资产的最大持有者，中国对美联储(Fed)印钞行为的潜在通胀风险表示担忧。”

Although Mr Zhou did not mention the US dollar, the essay gave a pointed critique of the current dollar-dominated monetary system.
尽管周小川并未提及美元，但文章对当今美元主导的货币体系提出了尖锐批评。

“The outbreak of the [current] crisis and its spillover to the entire world reflected the inherent vulnerabilities and systemic risks in the existing international monetary system,” Mr Zhou wrote.
他写道：“此次金融危机的爆发并在全球范围内迅速蔓延，反映出当前国际货币体系的内在缺陷和系统性风险。”

China has little choice but to hold the bulk of its $2,000bn of foreign exchange reserves in US dollars, and this is unlikely to change in the near future.
除了以美元形式持有2万亿美元外汇储备中的大部分资产，中国几乎没有其它选择，这种情况在短期内不可能得到改变。

To replace the current system, Mr Zhou suggested expanding the role of Special Drawing Rights, which were introduced by the IMF in 1969 to support the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate regime but became less relevant once that collapsed in the 1970s.
为了取代当前体系，周小川建议拓宽特别提款权(SDR)的作用。IMF于1969年推出SDR，以支持布雷顿森林体系(Bretton Woods)下的固定汇率制，但在该体系于上世纪70年代崩溃后，SDR的相关性有所下降。

Today, the value of SDRs is based on a basket of four currencies – the US dollar, yen, euro and sterling – and they are used largely as a unit of account by the IMF and some other international organisations.
目前，SDR的计值基于4种货币——美元、日元、欧元和英镑——组成的一篮子货币，同时，IMF及其它一些国际机构正广泛将其用作记账单位。

China's proposal would expand the basket of currencies forming the basis of SDR valuation to all major economies and set up a settlement system between SDRs and other currencies so they could be used in international trade and financial transactions.
中国提议将构成SDR计值基础的篮子货币范围扩大到所有主要经济体，并建立SDR与其他货币之间的清算体系，使其能成为国际贸易和金融交易的支付手段。

Countries would entrust a portion of their SDR reserves to the IMF to manage collectively on their behalf and SDRs would gradually replace existing reserve currencies.
各国将委托IMF代表它们集中管理一部分SDR储备，而SDR将逐步替换现有储备货币。

Mr Zhou said the proposal would require “extraordinary political vision and courage” and acknowledged a debt to John Maynard Keynes, who made a similar suggestion in the 1940s.
周小川表示，这份提议将需要“超凡的远见和勇气”，此外他还指出，约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)在上世纪40年代就曾提出类似建议。

Words and Expressions

Special Drawing Rights 特别提款权
Bretton Woods 布雷顿森林体系
fixed exchange rate regime 固定汇率制