双语研究：美国人也以貌取人

摘要：卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员称，无论是在政治选举中的投票还是在法庭上要做的证词，拜脸主义能让人做出草率、欠考虑的决定。

Research has revealed that people often make sweeping judgments of others based on the size and shape of their facial features.

For instance, individuals with feminine-looking or naturally happy faces are consistently thought of as more trustworthy.

研究发现人们会根据面部特征和脸型大小等因素对人做出迅速的判断。

例如，那些长相女性化以及天生拥有快乐容颜的人让人觉得更值得信赖。

美国人也以貌取人

While competence, dominance and friendliness are also associated with specific facial traits, including larger foreheads, prominent noses and strong chins.

而那些具有宽大额头、高挺鼻梁以及突出下颔等面部特征的人，会让人感觉更有能力、更有支配欲以及更不友好。

And now researchers from Carnegie Mellon University have warned that ‘face-ism’ can lead people to make rash decisions, from voting for a particular politician to convicting someone of a crime.

卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员称，无论是在政治选举中的投票还是在法庭上要做的证词，拜脸主义能让人做出草率、欠考虑的决定。

Political candidates with naturally competent-looking faces, such as Barack Obama, were more likely to win elections than those who looked less competent.

在政治选举中，那些具有天生较有能力的面孔如美国总统奥巴马，比具有较无能面孔的候选人，更容易胜出。

While, 'babyface’ features, characterised by a round face, large eyes and a small nose and chin are generally seen as a sign of incompetence. The reverse is true for strong, mature faces.

而具有“娃娃脸”特征的面孔，如圆脸、大眼、小鼻子及细颊等，一般被视为无能的迹象。强壮、成熟的脸则为能力高强。

Company chief executives who looked competent had a better chance of being hired by large successful companies, even when they performed no better than less competent-looking rivals, said the researchers.

在应聘首席执行官时，那些面孔看来较有能力的人更容易被大公司选中，即使事实上他们的表现，并不比那些长相看起来无能的对手好到哪去。

In the military, having a dominant, masculine face appeared to be a ticket to higher rank attainment.

在军营中，有威风、阳刚脸孔的人，等于手握一张晋升将校的入场券。

Elsewhere, research has shown that people considered to be untrustworthy and dishonest tend to have sunken cheeks, furrowed brows and eyes set close together.

另外，有研究显示那些脸颊凹陷、眉头多皱纹以及眼距较窄的人常被认为是不诚实、不值得信赖的人。

In contrast, a smiling face with prominent cheekbones and high eyebrows suggests trustworthiness and honesty.

而相比之下，颧骨突出、眉毛上挑的爱笑面孔总给人诚实可信的感觉。

Research suggests that ‘face-ism’ can be combated by providing more relevant information, such as the past behaviour of a political candidate, said the experts.

研究人员称要避免以脸取人，可以在做判断时多考虑如政治候选人的过去行为等相关信息。

　　相关阅读：宽脸盘的面相是否具有攻击性

Left to right: George H. W. Bush, Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Jimmy Carter. Aggressive people are easy to spot because they have instantly recognizable wide faces, researchers essive people are easy to spot because they have instantly recognizable wide faces, researchers claim.

Just a quick glance at someone's facial structure may be enough to predict their tendency towards aggression, according to a study published in the Psychological Science journal found

Facial width-to-height ratio (WHR) is determined by measuring the distance between the right and left cheeks and the distance from the upper lip to the mid-brow.

Psychologists from Brock University in the USA decided to follow up on previous research that suggested males with a large facial WHR act more aggressively than those with narrower features .

In the study, volunteers viewed photos of faces of men who had previously had their aggressive behaviour analysed.

The participants then rated how aggressive they thought each person was on a scale of one to seven, after viewing each face for either 2000 milliseconds or 39 milliseconds.

The results revealed the participants' estimates of aggression correlated highly with the actual aggressive behaviour of the men - even if they only saw the picture for a split second.

And the volunteers' estimates also matched with the WHR of the faces the wider the face, the higher the aggressive rating.

The psychologists concluded that subtle differences in face shape may affect personality judgements, which in turn, guide how people respond to others.

During childhood, boys and girls have similar facial structures, but during puberty, males develop wider features than females.

Previous research has suggested that males with wider faces act more aggressively - with studies showing that hockey players with broad features earn more penalty minutes per game than other players .