中国气候谈判代表:发达国家未兑现援助承诺

A gap of at least $40bn in financing commitments is hampering efforts to combat climate change, signatories to the Paris agreement have warned, as they try to keep the agreement going in the face of doubts over US support under President Donald Trump.

巴黎协定签约方警告称，融资承诺方面至少达400亿美元的缺口正在破坏应对气候变化的努力。在外界对唐纳德?特朗普(Donald Trump)治下的美国是否支持巴黎协定感到疑虑的背景下，各签约方继续努力推进该协定。

Disputes over who will foot the bill comes as the Trump administration’s energy secretary, Rick Perry, scuppered a joint statement about climate change at a G7 energy meeting in Rome this week.

在出现围绕谁将埋单的争议之际，特朗普政府的能源部长里克?佩里(Rick Perry)本周在七国集团(G7)罗马能源会议上让关于气候变化的联合声明流产。

The Paris agreement to limit global temperature rises to under 2 degrees Celsius includes financial commitments from developed countries to help developing nations deal with climate change. Before its adoption it was agreed this amount should reach $100bn a year. However, it has been estimated that only $60bn has been committed so far.

力争将全球升温幅度限制在2摄氏度以下的巴黎协定中包括发达国家帮助发展中国家应对气候变化的财务承诺。在协定通过前，各方一致同意这一援助金额应达到每年1000亿美元。然而，据估计迄今援助承诺只达到了600亿美元。

Climate ministers from Europe, India, Brazil and South Africa have gone to Beijing in recent weeks, hoping to sustain momentum from the Paris talks despite the Trump administration’s dismantling of US regulations meant to limit American emissions. But discussions have quickly run up against the issue of financing.

欧洲、印度、巴西和南非的气候部长们最近几周前往北京，希望维持巴黎谈判的势头，尽管特朗普政府废除了旨在限制美国排放的法规。但谈判很快遇到资金问题。

“Developed countries have not met their commitments. In their reports a lot of their commitment is in the form of development aid. That doesn’t meet the commitment to contribute to new funds,” China’s top climate change negotiator, Xie Zhenhua, told a briefing on Tuesday. “A lot of countries don’t want to chip in. I said to the European minister: that’s your problem as developed countries. It’s your responsibility to work together and sort it out.”

中国首席气候谈判代表解振华周二在记者招待会上表示：“发达国家没有兑现承诺。在他们所报告的资金总量中有很多是发展援助资金，不符合《（联合国气候变化框架）公约》新的额外资金的原则要求。有些国家可能不愿意出这个钱了。这件事我和欧盟气候专员交换意见时讲了，这件任务是发达国家的。发达国家内部要很好地协调，要兑现这个承诺。”

Mr Xie’s meeting with Miguel Arias Ca?ete, the European commissioner for climate action and energy, in Beijing two weeks ago involved “uncharted waters” regarding “differences in approaches to climate financing”, Mr Ca?ete told the FT in an interview after their meeting.

两周前，欧盟气候行动与能源专员米格尔?阿里亚斯?卡涅特(Miguel Arias Ca?ete)在北京与解振华举行了会晤。卡涅特会后在接受英国《金融时报》采访时表示，会晤谈到了关于“气候融资方式差异”的“未知水域”。

“We are seeing there is a country, the largest in the world, that has announced policies that means they will never reach their targets,” he said, referring to the US. “Now that the US will not play the role [of a major partner] we are obliged to intensify our efforts to develop the Paris agreement.”

他说：“我们看到，世界上最大的国家宣布了意味着他们将永远不会实现目标的政策。”他这里指的是美国。“既然美国不扮演（主要合作伙伴的）角色，那我们不得不加大努力落实巴黎协定。”

Beijing has aligned itself with developing countries and does not count among contributors to the intended $100bn, although it has established a separate, $3.1bn “south-south co-operation fund”.

中国自认属于发展中国家，因此不用为1000亿美元援助承诺出资，尽管它另外设立了31亿美元的“南南合作基金”。

It views spending on infrastructure in developing countries as benefiting its own prowess in dam construction or wind turbine and solar panel manufacturing. Mr Xie said the scale of investment in equipment and infrastructure investment needed by 2030 would translate into “job opportunities”.

中国认为，投资发展中国家的基础设施会让中国在大坝建设或风力涡轮机和太阳能面板制造方面的技能受益。解振华表示，到2030年所需的设备投资规模和基础设施投资将带来“就业机会”。

Meanwhile, red tape prevents funds that have been committed from flowing to developing counties, said Ravi Prasad, India’s minister for environment, forest and climate change, calling the $60bn in commitments “highly suspicious” since the sum included previously allocated funds including aid. “When we go behind the numbers we find there has been a reclassification of the bilateral flows,” Mr Prasad said.

与此同时，印度环境、森林和气候变化部长拉维?普拉萨德(Ravi Prasad)表示，手续繁琐让承诺的资金很难流向发展中国家，他认为已承诺的600亿美元“极为可疑”，因为该数字包括早先已拨的资金，包括援助资金。普拉萨德表示：“当我们研究这些数字时，我们发现其中包括被重新分类的双边流动资金。”

Mr Xie said: “Enthusiasm isn’t the problem but there are some doubts. I believe other countries feel the same.”

解振华表示：“大家现在对气候变化进程的热情并没有减，但是都有一些疑虑。”