中德签订价值20亿欧元合作及投资协议
BERLIN — Chancellor Angela Merkel welcomed Prime Minister Li Keqiang of China here with full military honors on Friday before the two leaders and their ministers announced more than 2 billion euro, or $2.5 billion, worth of cooperation and investment deals involving Volkswagen, Daimler and some of Germany’s other leading companies.
柏林——周五，德国总理安格拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)在柏林以全军礼欢迎李克强，随后两位领导人及双方的部长们宣布了价值20亿欧元（约合155亿元人民币）的合作及投资协议，其中涉及大众(Volkswagen)、戴姆勒(Daimler)和德国的其他一些主要公司。
The deals sprang from the third bilateral encounter between leaders of Germany and China since the countries forged a government-level exchange program in 2011.
双方在会晤期间签订了上述协议，这是两国自2011年开展政府级别交流计划以来，中德领导人第三次举行双边会谈。Another big beneficiary was the European aircraft maker Airbus, in which the German government holds a stake, which signed a deal to sell 70 A320 single-aisle jets to China’s state purchasing agency.
另一个巨大的受益者是欧洲飞机制造商空客公司(Airbus)，该公司签署协议，向中国政府采购机构出售70架单通道飞机A320。德国政府持有该公司股票。
In all, the German and Chinese leaders signed a 52-page document detailing areas of cooperation that included pushing for the rapid conclusion to talks between the European Union and China on an investment pact, and a raft of projects aimed at fostering innovation in the health, education, climate, energy and technology sectors.
中德领导人签署的协议总计长达52页，详细列举了各个合作领域，包括加快欧盟与中国之间的投资协定谈判进程，以及大量旨在促进卫生、教育、气候、能源及技术领域创新的项目。Ms. Merkel praised the day’s meetings and deals as an “indication of marked cooperation” between the two countries. The arrangements over the last three years have contributed to steady growth in bilateral trade, with 6.1 percent of German exports heading to China in 2013, compared with 1.6 percent in 2000. Trade between the two countries amounted to 140 billion in 2013.
默克尔称赞当天的会晤及达成的协议是两国“加强合作关系的象征”。过去三年的协商工作促使双边贸易稳步增长，2013年，德国向中国出口的产品占总出口量的6.1%，而2000年这个比例只有1.6%。2013年，两国贸易总额达到1400亿欧元。Recent figures, however, point to a cooling of the German economy. According to official data released on Thursday, German exports overall slumped 5.8 percent in August compared with July, the sharpest drop since 2009; they were driven down by unease linked to the conflict in Ukraine and tensions with Russia, as well as decreasing demand for German goods.
但最近的数据显示德国经济发展趋冷。周四公布的官方数据显示，德国8月份的出口总额比7月份下降了5.8%，这是自2009年以来的最大降幅；乌克兰冲突，与俄罗斯的紧张关系所引发的不安，以及对德国产品的需求下降，是导致出口额下降的原因。In fact, European stocks fell on Friday, with Germany’s leading share index, the DAX, down 2.4 percent amid fears of an economic slowdown in Europe and Asia. The Euro Stoxx 50 index, which tracks eurozone blue-chip shares, fell about 1.7 percent.
实际上，伴随着欧洲及亚洲经济发展放缓引发的恐慌，欧洲股市在周五出现下跌，德国的主要股票指数DAX下跌2.4%。道琼斯欧洲STOXX50指数下跌1.7%，该指数反映欧元区蓝筹股的情况。Mr. Li forecast that his country would see growth of about 7.5 percent this year, despite the turbulence, adding that the Chinese economy had “a lot of room for maneuver.”
尽管存在波动，李克强预计中国今年的经济增长将达到7.5%，他还表示，中国经济“有巨大的回旋余地”。Germany has enjoyed a special relationship to China, given its relatively uncomplicated history with the Asian country. Yet some analysts question how long the honeymoon phase between Berlin and Beijing can last. Points of contention in the business sector have begun to emerge as the Chinese authorities have accused major foreign firms of unfair practices.
鉴于德国与亚洲国家之间没有太过复杂的历史牵绊，德国与中国一直保持着一种特殊的关系。但一些分析人士质疑，柏林与北京的蜜月期能够维持多长时间。随着中国当局指责一些大型外国公司存在不正当做法，商业领域的分歧已经开始显现。Last month China fined the German carmaker Audi, owned by Volkswagen, $40.5 million for violating antitrust laws. It was only one in a series of tough measures by China against what it considers monopolistic practices by multinational companies.
上个月，中国以违反反垄断法为由，对德国汽车制造商大众旗下的奥迪(Audi)开出了4050万美元（约合2.48亿元人民币）的罚单。中国采取一系列强硬举措打击他们所称的跨国公司垄断行为，这只是其中之一。That made it all the more notable that Volkswagen agreed on Friday to extend its joint venture with China’s FAW Group by 25 years, pledging to invest 100 million euros in the Xinjiang region. VW has been present in China since the 1980s and currently operates eight facilities that produce cars and nine that make components.
周五，大众同意把它与中国第一汽车集团公司的合资关系延长25年，承诺对新疆地区投资1亿欧元（约合7.7亿元人民币）。考虑到此前的罚款，这件事更加令人瞩目。大众自20世纪80年代已进入中国，目前拥有八座生产汽车的工厂和九家制作零部件的公司。Ms. Merkel described Friday’s meeting with Mr. Li as “open and intense,” but noted that she had brought up the issues of fair markets, rule of law and human rights.
默克尔表示，周五与李克强的会晤“坦诚而紧张”，但又指出她提到了市场公平、法治和人权等问题。Sebastian Heilmann, director of the Mercator Institute for China Studies in Berlin, cautioned that the relationship between Germany and China “has the potential to be shaken by open conflict.”
柏林墨卡托中国研究中心负责人韩博天(Sebastian Heilmann)提醒道，中德关系“可能会因为公开冲突而受到动摇”。He noted that the two also faced growing competition with each other in several critical sectors that could further strain ties.
他指出，两国在几个关键领域的竞争可能会越来越激烈，从而使两国关系更加紧张。“There will be increased future competition in areas where the Germans are strong suppliers, such as mechanical tools, industrial parts and heating technology,” Mr. Heilmann said. “The Germans are climbing the ladder, and the Chinese are climbing right behind them.”
“德国在机械工具、工业部件和供暖技术等方面都是重要的供应商，将来，这些领域的竞争肯定会更加激烈，”韩博天说。“德国人正在爬梯子，中国人则紧随其后。”Ms. Merkel’s insistence that human rights and economic interests must go hand in hand also has potential to strain the ties. In her most recent weekly podcast, she criticized China for sentencing Ilham Tohti, a Uighur intellectual, to life in prison. On Friday she emphasized the importance of pro-democracy protesters’ right to free speech in Hong Kong and expressed the hope that “a solution can be found through the free exchange of ideas that will satisfy the people of Hong Kong.”
默克尔坚决主张，人权和经济利益应该得到同等对待。她这种观点可能也会加剧紧张程度。默克尔在她的每周播客的最新一集中批评了中国对维吾尔学者伊力哈木·土赫提(Ilham Tohti)判处无期徒刑的做法。周五，她还强调了香港亲民主抗议者享有言论自由的重要性，并表示她希望“各方能通过自由交流想法来找到解决方案，让香港人民感到满意”。On Thursday, government leaders in Hong Kong called off planned talks with students, after protesters vowed to continue their sit-ins.
在抗议者誓称将继续举行静坐抗议之后，香港政府领导人于周四取消了与学生的对话。Mr. Li said there had been no change to China’s policy of allowing Hong Kong to be governed by a different system than that of mainland China, but he would not be drawn into answering a question about China’s plans to have nominees for the post of top official vetted by a committee loyal to Beijing.
李克强表示，中国允许香港采用与大陆不同的制度，这项政策并未改变，但他并不愿意回答与特首选举相关的一个问题——中国政府计划由忠于北京的一个委员会来提名特首候选人。“Maintaining Hong Kong’s long-term stability and prosperity is not only in China’s interest, but all the more in the interest of the city’s inhabitants,” Mr. Li said. He pledged to “protect the legitimate interests of all foreign investors” in Hong Kong.
“香港保持长期的繁荣、稳定，不仅符合中国人民的利益，更符合香港居民的利益，”李克强说。他承诺要“保护香港所有外国投资者的合法利益”。After a business meeting in the northern port city of Hamburg over the weekend, Mr. Li will travel to Russia, where he is to meet President Vladimir V. Putin, before continuing to Milan to attend a meeting of Asian and European leaders on Oct. 16 and 17.
周末，李克强将前往德国北部的港口城市汉堡参加商务会谈，之后又将前往俄罗斯会见俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)。10月16日和17日，他将前往米兰与亚洲和欧洲领导人举行会晤。Experts expect Germany to seek to persuade Mr. Li to use his influence with Mr. Putin to move toward a resolution of the simmering crisis in Ukraine. “The Germans are hoping the Chinese can have a moderating influence over Russia,” Mr. Heilmann said.
专家预计，德国将试图说服李克强利用他对普京的影响力，尽快为乌克兰日益升级的危机找到解决方案。韩博天说，“德国人希望中国能对俄罗斯施加约束性的影响。”
