俄罗斯能源出口目光转向亚洲
Russian energy companies have moved to shore up relationships with non-European buyers in recent weeks as the continent seeks to reduce its reliance in Moscow.
俄罗斯能源企业在近几周采取措施加强与欧洲以外买家的关系，目前欧洲试图减少其对俄罗斯能源的依赖。Gazprom held talks with Kuwait and Egypt about expanding supplies of liquefied natural gas, and next month hopes to sign a large long-term supply deal with China. Igor Sechin, president of Rosneft and an ally of Vladimir Putin, went on a whirlwind tour of customers and counterparties in Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and India. Ronald Smith, Citigroup oil and gas analyst in Moscow, said the current crisis was “turning Russian eyes east”.
俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司(Gazprom)与科威特和埃及就扩大液化天然气(LNG)供应举行了会谈，下月还有望与中国达成一笔大规模长期供应协议。俄罗斯石油公司(Rosneft)总裁、弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)的盟友伊戈尔•谢钦(Igor Sechin)旋风式访问了日本、韩国、越南和印度的客户和交易对手方。花旗集团(Citigroup)驻莫斯科的油气分析师罗恩•史密斯(Ron Smith)表示，当前危机正“令俄罗斯将目光转向东方”。None would disagree, however, that if Europe was successful in navigating away from Russian energy, the impact on Russia would be significant. While Europe is dependent on Russian oil, gas and coal supplies, the dependence is mutual: Europe accounts for half of Gazprom’s gas revenues, according to the company, and 71 per cent of Russia’s crude oil exports, according to the International Energy Agency.
然而，人们都会同意这种观点：如果欧洲成功摆脱对俄罗斯能源的依赖，那对俄罗斯的影响将是显著的。尽管欧洲依赖俄罗斯的油气和煤炭供应，但这种依赖是相互的：根据俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司的数据，欧洲占该公司天然气收入的一半；根据国际能源署(International Energy Agency)的数据，俄罗斯原油出口的71%流向欧洲。
In the longer term, Russian companies are just as actively trying to diversify their own customer base as European politicians are trying to diversify supplies.
较长期而言，随着欧洲政治人士努力实现供应多元化，俄罗斯企业也在努力实现其客户基础的多元化。In a recent draft energy strategy for the next 20 years, Russia’s energy ministry outlined plans to double oil sales and quintuple gas sales to Asia by 2035.
在最近一份有关未来20年能源战略的草案中，俄罗斯能源部制定计划，到2035年将把向亚洲出口的石油销量翻一番，天然气销量扩大4倍。Russian energy groups have already begun this push. A growing share of oil – largely from Rosneft – is flowing directly to China by pipeline. Lukoil last week started commercial production at its West Qurna field in Iraq – with much of its output likely to be sold in Asia, analysts said. And Novatek, together with CNPC of China is building an LNG terminal that will help shift gas exports towards Asia.
俄罗斯能源集团已开始在这个方向上努力。越来越多的石油（主要来自俄罗斯石油公司）正通过管道直接流向中国。Lukoil在伊拉克的西古尔纳油田上周投入商业化作业；分析师们表示，该油田的相当大一部分产出很可能在亚洲销售。诺瓦泰克公司(Novatek)与中国石油天然气集团公司(CNPC)正在建设一个液化天然气码头，这个项目将有助于天然气出口转向亚洲。Alexei Pushkov, head of the Duma’s foreign relations committee, summed up Russia’s view last week.
上周，俄罗斯国家杜马(Duma)外事委员会主席阿列克谢•普什科夫(Alexei Pushkov)总结了俄罗斯的观点。Any reduction in imports from Russia thanks to Europe’s strategy “is not a prospect for the next few years,” he said. “And by that time I think Russia will find alternative gas export markets, especially in an environment of strong Asian demand for gas.”
他表示，欧洲的战略导致其减少从俄罗斯的进口“并非未来几年会发生的情形，”他表示，“到那时，我认为，俄罗斯将找到替代天然气出口市场，特别是在亚洲天然气需求强劲的环境下。”
