全世界最大的5个非法产业!图)

The $125 million theft of five paintings by artists like Picasso and Matisse from the Museum of Modern Art in Paris in May caught the attention of the world. But compared with the total annual trade in illicit goods, the heist was small change.

五月份，毕加索、马蒂斯等人五幅总值1.25亿美元的画作在巴黎现代艺术馆失窃的报道引起了全世界的关注。但相比全球违法交易的总额，这次失窃物品的价值只是区区小数目罢了。

According to estimates from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the business of buying and selling stolen art is about a $6 billion racket worldwide. Trade in illegal drugs, by contrast, is estimated to be in the neighborhood of maybe $300 billion, making it the world's biggest illicit activity. The trafficking of cocaine, marijuana, heroin and other drugs has continued to frustrate the efforts of governments around the world. It has created a massive industry and political problem, financing violent groups like the Taliban and drug cartels that currently threaten the stability of important countries like Afghanistan and Mexico. The destabilizing effects of battling the drug trade can be seen most recently in Jamaica, where an entire nation has been swept up in violence as the government tried to seize drug lord Christopher Coke.

根据联邦调查局的推算，全世界范围内失窃艺术品的买卖总额高达60亿美元。相比之下，非法毒品的交易额达到3000亿美元，同时成就了全世界最大的非法交易活动。可卡因、大麻、海洛因以及其他毒品的走私继续打击着全球政府的努力。毒品走私形成了巨大的产业，带来严重的政治问题，为塔利班这样的毒品巨头提供资金，而这些组织都影响着阿富汗、墨西哥等重要国家的稳定。打击毒品交易所带来的不稳定因素最近在牙买加最为突出：牙买加全国都因政府追捕毒枭克里斯多夫·可卡（Christopher Coke）的行动而陷入暴力混乱。

But it's not the only criminal enterprise raking in billions of dollars a year. The world's biggest illicit industries continue to grow by circumventing national laws and regulations, and taking advantage of new International networks and technologies. This dark side of globalization has generated huge profits and political instability. The exact size of these industries can be estimated only vaguely, but their scope and impact cannot be denied.

但这不是跻身十亿美元俱乐部的唯一犯罪产业。一些全球最大的非法产业通过避开国内法律法规、利用新的国际网络与技术而不断扩张。全球化的阴暗面给他们带来巨额利润，也带来了政治动荡。此类产业的确切规模只能大致估摸，但他们的覆盖面以及影响力绝对不容忽视。

Counterfeiting

伪造

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2009 said the international trade in counterfeit and pirated goods increased to more than U.S. $250 billion, almost 2% of world trade, up from US$200 billion in 2007. The world is awash in fakes--from trademarks like Nike ( NKE - news - people ) to copyrighted music and high-tech invention like pharmaceuticals or computer chips. The World Customs Organization guesses that counterfeiting accounts for 5% to 7% of global merchandise trade.

经济合作与发展组织在2009年表示，全球伪造与盗版产品的贸易额从2007年的2000亿美元上升到2500亿美元，几乎占了全球贸易总量的2%。全世界都浸泡在冒牌产品中——从冒牌Nike到版权所有的音乐，再到医药品以及电脑芯片这样的高科技发明。世界贸易组织推测，伪造产品的贸易占了全球商品贸易的5%--7%。

Oil Smuggling

石油走私

Shell last year estimated that as much as 100,000 barrels of oil are smuggled out of Nigeria each day--at the time some $1.6 billion annually. In Mexico, Pemex estimates it loses $700 million annually to petro thieves who tap into its pipelines. Texas oil men have pleaded guilty to conspiring to sell stolen Mexican oil. Most of the pirate attacks off the coast of Somalia or in the Malacca Strait involve oil tankers that are ransomed. A Council on Foreign Relations report suggests such piracy costs between $1 billion and $16 billion.

去年，壳牌公司估计，每天从尼日利亚走私出去的石油大约有10万桶——换算成全年价值大约16亿美元。在墨西哥， 墨西哥国家石油公司(Pemex)推测，每年因打入内部的石油盗窃犯而损失的石油价值7亿美元。德克萨斯油贩子已经承认，他们参与了出售从墨西哥盗窃的石油的犯罪活动。索马里海岸线附近以及马六甲海峡的大多数海盗袭击都与劫持油轮、索要赎金有关。外交关系委员会的一份报告显示， 这样的海盗袭击可能造成10亿至160亿美元的损失。

There are some 600 billion cigarettes smuggled worldwide each year, a $30 billion illicit industry, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Cigarettes are the world's most smuggled legal product. Much of this activity is a result of the vice taxes nations use to control the spread of addictive drugs that are legal. High taxation generates shadow markets in places ranging from Latin America to New York state.

根据联合国毒品与犯罪问题办公厅的数字来看，全球范围内，每年非法走私的香烟大约为6000亿支，价值300亿美元。香烟是全世界走私量最大的合法产品。大多数香烟走私都发生在副税收入比例较高的国家，它们借此来控制合法毒品的传播。高额税收滋生了黑市，从拉丁美洲到纽约州都不例外。

Human Trafficking

人口贩卖

Interpol says human trafficking and illicit migration is a $28 billion enterprise. This sad business, broadly speaking, can take the form of modern slavery, sexual exploitation, or organ harvesting, destroying the lives of its victims and enriching brutal criminal groups. The victims are often trapped and forced to work as prostitutes or migrant workers. This illegal trade in human beings is one of the fastest growing criminal activities globally, U.N. Special Rapporteur Joy Ngozi Ezeilo said recently.

国际刑事警察组织表示，人口贩卖以及非法移民产业的价值高达280亿美元。总的来说，这个令人伤心的产业会在“现代文明”的掩护下，以奴隶、性剥削与活体器官摘取的形式出现，毁害受害者的生命，喂饱惨无人道的犯罪集团。受害者经常失去自由，被迫成为妓女或移民工人。联合国特别报告员Joy Ngozi Ezeilo最近表示，在全球范围内，非法人口交易是增长最快的犯罪活动之一。

Cargo Theft

货物盗窃

Cargo theft is as much as a $30 billion problem annually, according the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which points out it can include anything moved by truck or plane--tailored suits, frozen shrimp, computer chips, toilet paper. These are often non-violent thefts of goods in transit, but they can include sophisticated methods that often involve surveillance. The U.S., Mexico, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, India and the U.K. are the countries most at risk for cargo theft globally, according to FreightWatch International.

联邦调查局称，每年货物盗窃造成的损失为300亿美元左右，其中包括一切由卡车或飞机装运的货物——女式西服，冻虾，电脑芯片，甚至厕纸。这些偷窃行为通常都是在运输中以非暴力形式发生，但其中一些手法高明，常常对目标进行了监视。根据国际货物监管公司（FreightWatch International）的估计，美国、墨西哥、巴西、南非、俄罗斯、印度和英国是全球货物失窃率最高的国家。

Still, while the size and reach of global illicit industries can seem overwhelming, there are signs of hope. Law enforcement groups from around the world are learning to cooperate in the battle against international crime. Just this week seven people were arrested in Liberia in connection with a conspiracy to distribute more than $100 million of South American cocaine in Europe after the son of the president of Liberia worked undercover with U.S. drug agents.

尽管全球非法产业的规模越来越大，分布越来越广，我们依旧能够看到希望。全球各执法机构正在学习合作对抗国际犯罪。本周，七名嫌疑犯在利比里亚遭到逮捕，他们被认为参与了从南美向欧洲出口价值超过1亿美元可卡因的犯罪行为。嫌犯落网还要感谢利比里亚总统的儿子，他秘密与美国反毒探员合作参与了案件的侦破。

New technologies and regulatory procedures are being employed to crack down on all sorts of crime: Software that tracks money laundering, product tags that are used to identify stolen products, surveillance devices that spot bad guys. "There is a major role the private sector can play," says David Shillingford, founder of CargoNet and National Equipment Register, units of Verisk Analytics that build information databases of cargo and heavy equipment to solve and deter incidents of theft. "There is a recognition from private industry that they need to help themselves."

人们正在应用新的技术以及法规手段打击各种犯罪：比如追踪洗钱行为的软件，用以辨识失窃物品的商标，定位嫌犯的监视设备等。货物与装备注册公司（CargoNet and National Equipment Register）的分析部门旨在建立货物与重型装备的数据库，以便侦破或延缓货物盗窃行为，它的创立者David Shillingford表示：“私营部门能够扮演一个很重要的角色，他们应该认识到自我救助的必要性。”