共产主义风投 政府驱动的中国创业潮(中)

Along with the government funds, venture capital money is flooding the country.

随着政府加大投入，风险投资的资金也在大批涌入这个国家。

About $49 billion in deals were made last year, making China second only to the United States, according to the accounting firm Ernst & Young.

据会计事务所安永(Ernst & Young)统计，去年中国达成了价值约490亿美元的投资交易，仅次于美国。

Some economists and entrepreneurs are concerned that the government is helping fuel a frenzy that might ultimately result in failed businesses, wasted resources and financial losses.

一些经济学家和创业者担心政府是在助推一种可能最终会导致企业倒闭、资源浪费和财务损失的疯狂行为。

Just one city, Suzhou, near Shanghai, has announced it will open 300 incubators by 2020 to house 30,000 start-ups.

单单苏州一个城市就宣布，至2020年该市将设立300个孵化器，容纳3万家创业公司。

Beijing’s policy makers have a long history of giving favored companies easy access to loans and subsidies to propel certain industries, with both good and bad consequences.

长久以来，北京的决策者习惯于为自己青睐的企业提供低门槛的贷款和补贴，以推动某些行业的发展。

Though that tactic lubricated the nation’s industrialization, it also contributed to the excess that has buried the country in empty apartment blocks, mothballed cement plants and sputtering steel mills — all of which threaten the economy’s stability.

这种措施既有好的一面，也曾带来不好的结果。这一策略尽管使中国的工业化得以顺利进行，但也导致行业过剩，使大量公寓空置，水泥厂关闭，钢铁厂难以为继——所有这些都危及了中国经济的稳定。

I think the subsidies shouldn’t be a long-term policy, Jin Xiangrong, an economist at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, said of the start-up support programs.

我觉得补助的这个政策并不应该作为一种长期的政策执行，位于杭州的浙江大学的经济学家金祥荣在谈及支持创业的项目时表示。

They can lead to overcapacity like the kind we see now in China’s manufacturing sector, which is largely a result of government support.

这样的政策有可能导致产能过剩。我们已经在制造业看到了这样的情况，很大程度上是由政府的支持导致的。

Hangzhou city officials turned down requests for interviews.

杭州市政府官员拒绝了时报的采访请求。

At Dream Town, Mr. Li, 39, frets more about his own business.

在梦想小镇，39岁的李立恒更多地在为自己的企业焦心。

He got the initial idea for Chemayi in 2009 after a car accident.

2009年经历了一场交通事故之后，他产生了创立车蚂蚁的想法。

To find a trustworthy mechanic, he searched online, asked friends for advice and visited repair shops.

为了找到值得信赖的技工，他曾在网上搜寻，向朋友咨询，也去了不少汽车维修店。

But Mr. Li found it difficult to judge who was reliable.

但李立恒觉得很难判断哪一家比较可靠。

A car culture — and all the services that come with it — is relatively new in China.

在中国，汽车文化以及随之而来的一切服务都相对较新。

Aiming to fill the information void, he and three friends set up Chemayi in 2013 with 5 million renminbi (currently $750,000) of their own money.

抱着填补这个信息空白的想法，他和三个朋友在2013年自己出资500万元，成立了车蚂蚁。

For an annual fee, Chemayi sends out staff members to help fix flat tires, paint scratches or repair broken-down engines.

用户交纳一笔年费后，车蚂蚁会派工作人员帮忙补胎、给刮痕喷漆或修理故障发动机。

Henry Ford is gone for so many years, but we are still driving his cars, Mr. Li said.

亨利•福特已经过世这么多年了，我们还是在开着他的车，李立恒说。

I felt that I also must pursue a cause that will persist after I’m gone.

我离开这个世界后，我也希望我追求的目标是能够持久的。

Chemayi beat out more than two dozen other start-ups for a coveted space in Dream Town in a 2014 competition.

在2014年的一场竞争中，车蚂蚁击退其他二十多家创业公司，在梦想小镇获得了梦寐以求的一席之地。

Another co-founder, Ouyang Feng, delivered a 40-minute presentation to a panel of judges who peppered him with questions about Chemayi’s business model and future prospects.

另一位联合创始人欧阳锋向评委小组做了40分钟的陈述，评委们不断就车蚂蚁的商业模式和未来的前景向他发问。

The provincial governor watched over the grilling.

浙江省长亲自过问了审核过程。

In the end, the committee awarded Chemayi a three-foot golden key that symbolically opened the doors to Dream Town.

最后，评委会给了车蚂蚁一把约90厘米长的金钥匙，象征着他们打开了通往梦想小镇的大门。

Chemayi now has 284 employees in four cities, with plans to reach 1,000 by the end of the year.

车蚂蚁目前在四个城市有284名员工，并计划到年底时达到1000人的规模。

Mr. Li said his company had raised $22 million in private money and turned a profit of about 10 million renminbi last year.

李立恒称，公司筹集到了2200万美元的私人资金，去年盈利约1000万元人民币。

A lot of Chinese people want to be successful. They want to initiate change through innovation, Mr. Li said in his spacious corner office, while fussing with a traditional Chinese wooden tea-making set.

很多中国人都希望成功，并且他们希望通过创新来改变一些东西，在位于房屋一角的宽敞办公室里，李立恒一边摆弄一套中国传统木制茶具一边说。

That is a formidable power.

这是股很大的力量。

Hangzhou is a natural center for China’s start-up fever.

杭州成为中国创业热潮的中心是很自然的。

After China embraced capitalist reform in the 1980s, Zhejiang province, of which Hangzhou is the capital, emerged as a leading base for the export industries that fueled the country’s rapid growth.

中国80年代开始进行资本主义改革时，以杭州为省会的浙江省成为出口工业的头号基地。出口工业推动了中国的快速增长。

Factories pumped out products like socks and plastic Christmas trees.

工厂大量生产袜子和塑料圣诞树等产品。

Now that zeal for commerce is being channeled into technology start-ups.

现在，这种贸易热情正在被引向科技初创企业。