共产主义风投 政府驱动的中国创业潮(上)

HANGZHOU, China — In Dream Town, a collection of boxy office buildings on the gritty edge of this historic city, one tiny company is developing a portable 3-D printer.

中国杭州——在位于这座历史名城郊区的一片四四方方的办公楼群梦想小镇内，一座小公司正在研发便携式3D打印机。

Another takes orders for traditional Chinese massages by smartphone.

另一家则通过智能手机提供中国传统的推拿服务。

They are just two of the 710 start-ups being nurtured here.

它们只是在这里孵化的710家创业公司中的两个。

Anywhere else, an incubator like Dream Town would be a vision of venture capitalists, angel investors or technology stalwarts.

放在别的地方，像梦想小镇这样的孵化器势必是出自风险资本家、天使投资人或技术中坚分子的构想。

But this is China.

但这里是中国。

The Chinese Communist Party doesn’t trust the invisible hand of capitalism alone to encourage entrepreneurship, especially since it is a big part of the leadership’s strategy to reshape the sagging economy.

中国共产党不相信单凭不可见的资本之手就可以鼓励创业，尤其是考虑到，重塑陷入疲软的中国经济是这届领导层的发展战略的一个重要部分。

Which is why the government of Hangzhou — a former royal capital that has been a major commercial hub for more than a millennium — built Dream Town and lavishes resources on start-ups.

这是杭州市政府建设梦想小镇，在创业公司上投入大批资源的原因。

The businesses here get a slate of benefits like subsidized rent, cash handouts and special training, all courtesy of the city.

在这座有千年历史的商业中心和古都里，这些公司可以享受包括房租优惠、现金补贴和特殊培训在内的一系列好处，它们都由政府买单。

Chemayi, which offers car repair services through a smartphone app, is staying rent-free at Dream Town for three years and is applying for as much as $450,000 in subsidies from city authorities to help pay salaries and buy equipment.

车蚂蚁是一家通过智能手机应用提供车辆维修服务的公司，它已经在梦想小镇享受了三年的免租金待遇，而且正在向市政府申请高达45万美元的补贴，用于支付员工薪资和采购设备。

From the central government all the way down to local governments, we have seen a lot of warm support, said Li Liheng, co-founder and chief executive of Chemayi.

我们看到，从中央到地方政府，都给予了很多热情的支持，车蚂蚁联合创始人兼首席执行官李立恒说。

For much of China’s long economic boom, young people flocked to manufacturing zones for jobs making bluejeans or iPhones.

在中国时间不短的经济繁荣期里，年轻人多数时候都是涌向工业区，寻找加工牛仔裤或iPhone的工作。

But today China is trying to move beyond just being the world’s factory floor.

然而现在，中国正试图超越世界工厂的角色。

Policy makers want the next generation to find better-paying work in modern offices, creating the ideas, technologies and jobs to feed the country’s future growth.

决策者想要下一代在现代化的办公室内找到待遇更好的工作，让他们创造新观念、新技术和新工作机会，以保证中国在未来的持续增长。

Premier Li Keqiang frequently calls for mass entrepreneurship.

国务院总理李克强曾多次呼吁大众创业。

In March at the National People’s Congress, he bragged that 12,000 new companies were founded each day in 2015.

在今年3月举行的全国人民代表大会上，他不乏自豪地宣称，2015年中国每天有1.2万家新公司成立。

The entrepreneurial embrace comes with lots of financial support.

这种对创业的支持包括许多财务上的扶持。

Across the country, officials are creating investment funds, providing cash subsidies and building incubators.

全国各地的官员都在设立投资基金，提供现金补助和打造孵化器。

Without these kinds of subsidies, you only rely on private money, and you wouldn’t see so many technology start-ups happening today, said Ning Tao, a partner at Innovation Works, a venture capital fund in Beijing.

没有这类补贴，只靠个人资金，我们不会看到有这么多创业公司涌现出来，位于北京的风险投资基金创新工场的合伙人陶宁说。

Without quantity, you cannot have quality.

没有数量，就难求质量。

But the heavy spending is adding to worries about an inflating bubble in the world of China’s tiniest companies.

然而这种巨大的投入让人们愈发担心，中国的这些小公司正面临越来越大的泡沫。