富士康向社会晒成就 工厂劳动条件有所改善

Apple supplier Foxconn has improved factory conditions since a series of worker suicides drew attention to the company’s labour practices in 2010, but workers still do more overtime than permitted by Chinese labour law, an audit of its operations has found.

对富士康(Foxconn)运营进行的检查发现，自2010年发生一连串工人自杀、促使外界关注该公司劳工实践以来，这家苹果(Apple)的供应商已改善了工厂劳动条件，但工人加班时间仍超出中国《劳动法》允许的范围。

Foxconn is “not in compliance” with Chinese law allowing only 36 hours of overtime a month, according to an inspection by the Fair Labor Association, a monitoring group brought in by Apple to help the company improve working conditions.

受苹果委托帮助富士康改善劳动条件的监督组织“公平劳动协会”(FLA)在检查评估后表示，富士康未能遵守中国《劳动法》有关每月累计加班时间不得超过36小时的规定。

The report comes shortly after labour watchdogs accused another of Apple’s suppliers, Pegatron, of abuses. China Labor Watch said this week that “several workers” in a factory making products including iPhone 5Cs had died recently. Among the dead was a 15-year-old named Shi Zhaokun, who CLW said died of pneumonia at a Shanghai hospital on October 9.

这份报告出炉之前不久，一些劳工监督组织指控另一家苹果供应商和硕(Pegatron)有违规行为。中国劳工观察(CLW)本周表示，一家所产产品包括iPhone 5C的和硕工厂最近有“数名工人”死亡，其中一名工人是15岁的施招鲲。中国劳工观察称，施招鲲在10月9日因肺炎死于上海一家医院。

Apple has said it has sent medical personnel to the factories and found no link between conditions there and the workers’ deaths.

苹果表示，已向相关工厂派遣医疗人员，但没有发现那里的劳动条件与工人死亡有任何关联。

Electronics suppliers in mainland China have frequently been accused of labour and environmental abuses. Foxconn, which manufactures products for many of the world’s largest electronics brands, first came to the attention of many consumers when a string of workers committed suicide in 2010 driven, some said at the time, by pressure and long hours.

中国大陆的电子产品供应商经常被指在劳动和环保方面违规。为全球多个电子大品牌代工的富士康，最先引起广大消费者的关注，因为2010年该公司发生了一连串工人自杀事件。当时有人称，这些工人是被压力和长时间工作逼上绝路的。

More recently, Foxconn, which says its more than 1m workers make it China’s largest private sector employer, said underage interns had worked at one of its non-Apple factories, while Pegatron last year was accused of polluting a river near Shanghai.

拥有逾100万工人的富士康，堪称中国民营部门中的最大雇主。该公司今年早些时候承认，旗下一家工厂（该厂并不生产苹果产品）曾有未成年的实习生在工作。和硕去年则被指污染了上海附近的一条河流。

Many labour watchdogs and factory inspectors say such violations are common among many manufacturers in China, as factories’ slim margins encourage cost-cutting and government enforcement of its regulations can be lax.

不少劳工监督组织和工厂检查人员表示，此类违规行为在中国众多制造业企业中相当常见。微薄的利润率促使工厂以不正当方式削减成本，而政府对法规的执行可能不力。

FLA’s report is its final verification that Foxconn, also known as Hon Hai Precision Industries, is adhering to earlier agreed plans to improve conditions. Although overtime remains a problem, the company made progress on reducing hours and improved factory facilities by building additional exits and toilets.

公平劳动协会的报告是其对富士康——亦称鸿海精密(Hon Hai Precision Industries)——的最终鉴定结果，证明该公司遵守了早先达成的改善劳动条件的计划。虽然加班超标仍是一个问题，但该公司在缩短工作时间和改善工厂设施（建造了更多出口和卫生间）方面取得了进展。

After this, FLA said, it “expects . . . Apple will continue to monitor compliance at Foxconn.”

公平劳动协会称，今后，它“预期……苹果将继续监督富士康的合规情况”。

In a statement, Apple said the average workweek at Foxconn and its other suppliers was 53 hours, below the 60-hour limit in the brand’s code of conduct.

苹果在一份声明中表示，富士康和其他供应商每周平均工作时间为53小时，低于该品牌《行为准则》规定的60小时上限。

“We will continue to provide transparency by reporting working-hours compliance each month on our website,” Apple said.

“我们将继续提供透明度，每月在我们的网站上报告工作时间合规情况，”苹果表示。

Limiting overtime is a particularly challenging issue in Chinese factories as many workers prefer overtime as a way to improve their often low base pay.

在中国的工厂里，限制加班时间是一件特别具有挑战性的事情，原因是有许多工人愿意加班，视其为提高自己收入的一种手段。这些工人的基本工资往往较低。