金砖国家领导人第五次会晤德班宣言(一)
Fifth BRICS Summit
金砖国家领导人第五次会晤德班宣言Durban: 27 March 2013
(二0一三年三月二十七日)1. We, the leaders of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, met in Durban, South Africa, on 27 March 2013 at the Fifth BRICS Summit. Our discussions took place under the overarching theme, "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization." The Fifth BRICS Summit concluded the first cycle of BRICS Summits and we reaffirmed our commitment to the promotion of International law, multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations (UN). Our discussions reflected our growing intra-BRICS solidarity as well as our shared goal to contribute positively to global peace, stability, development and cooperation. We also considered our role in the international system as based on an inclusive approach of shared solidarity and cooperation towards all nations and peoples.
1、我们，巴西联邦共和国、俄罗斯联邦、印度共和国、中华人民共和国和南非共和国领导人于2013年3月27日在南非德班举行金砖国家领导人第五次会晤。我们围绕“金砖国家与非洲:致力于发展、一体化和工业化的伙伴关系”的主题进行了讨论。本次会晤是金砖国家第一轮领导人会晤的收官之作。我们重申将致力于维护国际法、多边主义和联合国的中心地位。我们的讨论表明金砖国家的团结进一步加深,愿为全球和平、稳定、发展与合作做出积极贡献。我们还讨论了金砖国家在与各国和各国人民团结合作的基础上,在国际体系中发挥的作用。
2. We met at a time which requires that we consider issues of mutual interest and systemic importance in order to share concerns and to develop lasting solutions. We aim at progressively developing BRICS into a full-fledged mechanism of current and long-term coordination on a wide range of key issues of the world economy and politics. The prevailing global governance architecture is regulated by institutions which were conceived in circumstances when the international landscape in all its aspects was characterized by very different challenges and opportunities. As the global economy is being reshaped, we are committed to exploring new models and approaches towards more equitable development and inclusive global growth by emphasizing complementarities and building on our respective economic strengths.
2、此次会晤举行之时,正需要我们探讨共同关心并具有系统重要性的问题,以解决共同关切,研拟长期解决之道。我们致力于逐步将金砖国家发展成为就全球经济和政治领域的诸多重大问题进行日常和长期协调的全方位机制。支撑现行全球治理架构的有关国际机构是在当年国际版图面临非常不同的挑战和机遇的情况下缔造的。由于全球经济正在重塑,我们致力于通过加强互补和各自经济力量,探索实现更公平发展、更具包容性增长的新模式和新方式。3. We are open to increasing our engagement and cooperation with non-BRICS countries, in particular Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDCs), and relevant international and regional organizations, as envisioned in the Sanya Declaration. We will hold a Retreat together with African leaders after this Summit, under the theme, "Unlocking Africa's potential: BRICS and Africa Cooperation on Infrastructure." The Retreat is an opportunity for BRICS and African leaders to discuss how to strengthen cooperation between the BRICS countries and the African Continent.
3、正如《三亚宣言》中提出的,我们对加强同其他国家,特别是新兴国家和发展中国家,以及相关国际、区域性组织的联系与合作持开放态度。我们将在本次会晤后举行同非洲国家领导人的对话会,主题为“释放非洲潜力:金砖国家和非洲在基础设施领域合作”。对话会将为金砖国家和非洲领导人讨论如何加强金砖国家和非洲大陆合作提供机会。4. Recognizing the importance of regional integration for Africa's sustainable growth, development and poverty eradication, we reaffirm our support for the Continent' s integration processes.
4、我们认识到区域一体化对非洲可持续增长、发展和消除贫困的重要意义,重申支持非洲大陆一体化进程。5. Within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), we support African countries in their industrialization process through stimulating foreign direct investment, knowledge exchange, capacity-building and diversification of imports from Africa. We acknowledge that infrastructure development in Africa is important and recognize the strides made by the African Union to identify and address the continent's infrastructure challenges through the development of the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), the AU NEPAD Africa Action Plan (2010-2015), the NEPAD Presidential Infrastructure Championing Initiative (PICI), as well as the Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plans that have identified priority infrastructure development projects that are critical to promoting regional integration and industrialization. We will seek to stimulate infrastructure investment on the basis of mutual benefit to support industrial development, job-creation, skills development, food and nutrition security and poverty eradication and sustainable development in Africa. We therefore, reaffirm our support for sustainable infrastructure development in Africa.
5、在“非洲发展新伙伴计划”框架下,我们将通过鼓励外国直接投资、知识交流、能力建设以及与非洲贸易的多样化,支持非洲国家工业化进程。我们认识到非洲发展基础设施的重要性,认同非盟在确定和应对非洲大陆的基础设施挑战方面取得的进步。通过制订非洲基础设施发展规划、非盟“非洲发展新伙伴计划”非洲行动计划(2010-2015)、“非洲发展新伙伴计划”总统基础设施倡议及地区基础设施发展总体规划,非盟确定了对推动区域一体化和工业化至关重要的基础设施重点开发项目。我们将寻求在互惠基础上鼓励基础设施投资,以支持非洲的工业发展、就业、技能发展、食品和营养安全、消除贫困及可持续发展。为此,我们重申对非洲基础设施可持续发展的支持。6. We note policy actions in Europe, the United States and Japan aimed at reducing tail-risks in the world economy. Some of these actions produce negative spillover effects on other economies of the world. Significant risks remain and the performance of the global economy still falls behind our expectations. As a result, uncertainty about strength and durability of the recovery and the direction of policy in some major economies remains high. In some key countries unemployment stays unusually elevated, while high levels of private and public indebtedness inhibit growth. In such circumstances, we reaffirm our strong commitment to support growth and foster financial stability. We also underscore the need for appropriate action to be taken by advanced economies in order to rebuild confidence, foster growth and secure a strong recovery.
6、我们注意到欧洲、美国和日本为减少世界经济尾部风险所采取的政策措施。其中的部分措施给世界其他经济体带来负面外溢效应。世界经济重大风险犹存,形势仍低于预期。在经济复苏的力度和持续性、主要经济体政策方向方面,不确定性依然很大。在一些重要国家,失业率居高不下,高企的私人和公共债务抑制了经济增长。在此情况下,我们重申关于支持增长和维护金融稳定的强烈承诺,并强调发达经济体需要采取适当措施以重建信心,促进增长并确保经济强劲复苏。7. Central Banks in advanced economies have responded with unconventional monetary policy actions which have increased global liquidity. While this may be consistent with domestic monetary policy mandates, major Central Banks should avoid the unintended consequences of these actions in the form of increased volatility of capital flows, currencies and commodity prices, which may have negative growth effects on other economies, in particular developing countries.
7、发达经济体的央行采取非常规货币政策,增加了全球流动性。这可能符合其国内货币政策的授权,但主要央行应避免此举带来加剧资本、汇率和大宗商品价格波动等预料之外的后果,以免对其他经济体特别是发展中国家经济增长带来负面影响。8. We welcome the core objectives of the Russian Presidency in the G20 in 2013, in particular the efforts to increased financing for investment and ensure public debt sustainability aimed at ensuring strong, sustainable, inclusive and balanced growth and job creation around the world. We will also continue to prioritize the G20 development agenda as a vital element of global economic stability and long-term sustainable growth and job creation.
8、我们欢迎俄罗斯作为2013年二十国集团主席国提出的核心目标,特别是为促进全球强劲、可持续、包容和平衡增长、增加就业而增加投资融资、确保公共债务可持续性的努力。我们也将继续突出二十国集团发展议程,将其作为全球经济稳定、长期可持续增长和增加就业的关键要素。9. Developing countries face challenges of infrastructure development due to insufficient long-term financing and foreign direct investment, especially investment in capital stock. This constrains global aggregate demand. BRICS cooperation towards more productive use of global financial resources can make a positive contribution to addressing this problem. In March 2012 we directed our Finance Ministers to examine the feasibility and viability of setting up a New Development Bank for mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries, to supplement the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development. Following the report from our Finance Ministers, we are satisfied that the establishment of a New Development Bank is feasible and viable. We have agreed to establish the New Development Bank. The initial contribution to the Bank should be substantial and sufficient for the Bank to be effective in financing infrastructure.
9、由于长期融资和外国直接投资不足,尤其是资本市场投资不足,发展中国家面临基础设施建设的挑战。这限制了全球总需求。金砖国家合作推动更有效利用全球金融资源,可以为解决上述问题做出积极贡献。2012年3月,我们指示财长们评估建立一个新的开发银行的可能性和可行性,为金砖国家、其他新兴市场和发展中国家的基础设施和可持续发展项目筹集资金,作为对全球增长和发展领域的现有多边和区域金融机构的补充。根据财长们的报告,我们满意地看到建立一个新的开发银行是可能和可行的。我们同意建立该银行,银行的初始资本应该是实质性的和充足的,以便有效开展基础设施融资。10. In June 2012, in our meeting in Los Cabos, we tasked our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to explore the construction of a financial safety net through the creation of a Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) amongst BRICS countries. They have concluded that the establishment of a self-managed contingent reserve arrangement would have a positive precautionary effect, help BRICS countries forestall short-term liquidity pressures, provide mutual support and further strengthen financial stability. It would also contribute to strengthening the global financial safety net and complement existing international arrangements as an additional line of defence. We are of the view that the establishment of the CRA with an initial size of 100 billion U.S. dollars is feasible and desirable subject to internal legal frameworks and appropriate safeguards. We direct our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to continue working towards its establishment.
10、2012年6月,我们在洛斯卡沃斯会晤时指示财长和央行行长探讨通过成立金砖国家应急储备安排来建设金融安全网。他们的结论是建立一个自我管理的应急储备安排具有积极预防效果,将帮助金砖国家应对短期流动性压力,提供相互支持,并进一步加强金融稳定。这也将作为一道增加的防线,为补充现有国际外汇储备安排、加强全球金融安全网做出贡献。我们认为在符合各自国内法律和具有适当安全保证的条件下,建立一个初始规模为1000亿美元的应急储备安排是可能和共同期待的。我们指示财长和央行行长继续朝着建立该安排的目标努力。11. We are grateful to our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors for the work undertaken on the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement and direct them to negotiate and conclude the agreements which will establish them. We will review progress made in these two initiatives at our next meeting in September 2013.
11、我们对财长和央行行长就新的开发银行和应急储备安排所做的工作表示感谢,并指示他们继续谈判,并完成建立上述两机制的协议。我们将在2013年9月圣彼得堡会晤上审议两项倡议的进展。12. We welcome the conclusion between our Export-Import Banks (EXIM) and Development Banks, of both the "Multilateral Agreement on Cooperation and Co-financing for Sustainable Development" and, given the steep growth trajectory of the African continent and the significant infrastructure funding requirements directly emanating from this growth path, the "Multilateral Agreement on Infrastructure Co-Financing for Africa."
12、我们欢迎金砖国家进出口银行和开发银行达成《可持续发展合作和联合融资多边协议》,以及考虑到非洲大陆的快速增长及其导致的基础设施资金方面的巨大需求,达成《非洲基础设施联合融资多边协议》。13. We call for the reform of International Financial Institutions to make them more representative and to reflect the growing weight of BRICS and other developing countries. We remain concerned with the slow pace of the reform of the IMF. We see an urgent need to implement, as agreed, the 2010 International Monetary Fund (IMF) Governance and Quota Reform. We urge all members to take all necessary steps to achieve an agreement on the quota formula and complete the next general quota review by January 2014. The reform of the IMF should strengthen the voice and representation of the poorest members of the IMF, including Sub-Saharan Africa. All options should be explored, with an open mind, to achieve this. We support the reform and improvement of the international monetary system, with a broad-based international reserve currency system providing stability and certainty. We welcome the discussion about the role of the SDR in the existing international monetary system including the composition of SDR's basket ofcurrencies. We support the IMF to make its surveillance framework more integrated and even-handed. The leadership selection of IFIs should be through an open, transparent and merit-based process and truly open to candidates from the emerging market economies and developing countries.
13、我们呼吁改革国际金融机构,以使其更具代表性并反映金砖国家和其他发展中国家在世界经济中日益增长的权重。我们对国际货币基金组织改革进展缓慢表示关切。我们认为,迫切需要按照已有共识,落实国际货币基金组织2010年治理和份额改革方案。我们敦促所有成员采取一切必要手段,在2014年1月前完成下一轮份额总检查并就新的份额公式达成协议。国际货币基金组织改革应增强包括撒哈拉以南非洲在内的最贫困成员的发言权和代表性。应以开放的态度寻求能够达成这一目标的所有方式。我们支持改革和完善国际货币体系,建立稳定、可靠、基础广泛的国际储备货币体系。我们欢迎就特别提款权在现有国际货币体系中作用进行讨论,包括关于特别提款权一篮子货币组成问题。我们支持国际货币基金组织推动其监督框架更加全面和公正。国际金融机构负责人应通过公开、透明、择优的程序遴选,并确保向来自新兴市场经济体和发展中国家的人选真正开放。14. We emphasize the importance of ensuring steady, adequate and predictable access to long term finance for developing countries from a variety of sources. We would like to see concerted global effort towards infrastructure financing and investment through the instrumentality of adequately resourced Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and Regional Development Banks (RDBs). We urge all parties to work towards an ambitious International Development Association(IDA)17 replenishment.
14、我们强调确保发展中国家从各种渠道获得稳定、充足和可预见的长期融资的重要性。我们希望看到全球共同努力,通过资金充足的多边开发银行和区域开发银行向基础设施建设提供融资和投资。我们敦促所有各方努力实现富有雄心的国际开发协会第17次增资。15. We reaffirm our support for an open, transparent and rules-based multilateral trading system. We will continue in our efforts for the successful conclusion of the Doha Round, based on the progress made and in keeping with its mandate, while upholding the principles of transparency, inclusiveness and multilateralism. We are committed to ensure that new proposals and approaches to the Doha Round negotiations will reinforce the core principles and the developmental mandate of the Doha Round. We look forward to significant and meaningful deliverables that are balanced and address key development concerns of the poorest and most vulnerable WTO members, at the ninth Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Bali.
15、我们重申支持公开、透明、基于规则的多边贸易体系。我们将在已有进展基础上,根据多哈授权,坚持透明、包容和多边主义的原则,继续致力于成功完成多哈回合谈判。我们承诺确保关于多哈回合谈判的新建议和新方式能够加强多哈回合的核心原则和发展授权。我们期待在巴厘岛举行的世界贸易组织第九届部长级会议达成重要和有意义的成果,这一成果应是平衡的,并照顾最贫困、最脆弱成员在发展领域的主要关切。16. We note that the process is underway for the selection of a new WTO Director-General in 2013. We concur that the WTO requires a new leader who demonstrates a commitment to multilateralism and to enhancing the effectiveness of the WTO including through a commitment to support efforts that will lead to an expeditious conclusion of the DDA. We consider that the next Director-General of the WTO should be a representative of a developing country.
16、我们注意到2013年世贸组织新任总干事的选举正在进行。我们赞同世贸组织需要一位承诺坚持多边主义、通过支持尽快结束多哈回合谈判等方式增强世贸组织可信度和合法性的新负责人。我们认为下任总干事应是来自发展中国家的代表。17. We reaffirm the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development' s (UNCTAD) mandate as the focal point in the UN system dedicated to consider the interrelated issues of trade, investment, finance and technology from a development perspective. UNCTAD's mandate and work are unique and necessary to deal with the challenges of development and growth in the increasingly interdependent global economy. We also reaffirm the importance of strengthening UNCTAD's capacity to deliver on its programs of consensus building, policy dialogue, research, technical cooperation and capacity building, so that it is better equipped to deliver on its development mandate.
17、我们重申联合国贸发会议是联合国系统内从发展角度处理贸易、投资、金融和技术等彼此相关问题的核心机构。在相互依存日益加深的全球经济中,贸发会议在应对发展和增长挑战的任务和工作独特而必要。我们亦重申提高贸发会议在凝聚共识、政策对话、研究、技术合作和能力建设等方面能力的重要性,从而使之能更好地完成其发展授权。18. We acknowledge the important role that State Owned Companies (SOCs) play in the economy and encourage our SOCs to explore ways of cooperation, exchange of information and best practices.
18、我们认识到国有企业在经济中发挥的重要作用,鼓励我们的国有企业探寻开展合作、分享信息和最佳实践的方式。19. We recognize the fundamental role played by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the economies of our countries. SMEs are major creators of jobs and wealth. In this regard, we will explore opportunities for cooperating in the field of SMEs and recognize the need for promoting dialogue among the respective Ministries and Agencies in charge of the theme, particularly with a view to promoting their international exchange and cooperation and fostering innovation, research and development.
19、我们认同中小企业在各国经济中的基础性作用。中小企业是就业机会和财富的主要创造者。鉴此,我们将探讨这一领域的合作机会,并认识到加强中小企业主管部门和机构之间对话,特别是为促进中小企业国际化并加强其创新和研发能力的必要性。20. We reiterate our strong commitment to the United Nations (UN) as the foremost multilateral forum entrusted with bringing about hope, peace, order and sustainable development to the world. The UN enjoys universal membership and is at the center of global governance and multilateralism. In this regard, we reaffirm the need for a comprehensive reform of the UN, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more representative, effective and efficient, so that it can be more responsive to global challenges. In this regard, China and Russia reiterate the importance they attach to the status of Brazil, India and South Africa in international affairs and support their aspiration to play a greater role in the UN.
20、我们重申强烈支持联合国作为最重要的多边论坛,承载着为世界带来希望、和平、秩序和可持续发展的任务。联合国成员国代表性广泛,处于全球治理和多边主义的中心位置。在此,我们重申,需要对联合国包括安理会进行全面改革,使其更具代表性、效力和效率,以更有效应对全球挑战。为此,中国和俄罗斯重申重视巴西、印度、南非在国际事务中的地位,支持其希在联合国发挥更大作用的愿望。21. We underscore our commitment to work together in the UN to continue our cooperation and strengthen multilateral approaches in international relations based on the rule of law and anchored in the Charter of the United Nations.
21、我们强调将致力于在联合国共同努力,根据法治和《联合国宪章》,继续合作并加强国际关系中的多边主义方式。22. We are committed to building a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity and reaffirm that the 21st century should be marked by peace, security, development, and cooperation. It is the overarching objective and strong shared desire for peace, security, development and cooperation that brought together BRICS countries.
22、我们致力于建设一个持久和平和共同繁荣的和谐世界,并重申21世纪应该是和平、安全、发展和合作的世纪。金砖国家本着和平、安全、发展和合作的崇高目标和共同愿望走到了一起。23. We welcome the twentieth Anniversary of the World Conference on Human Rights and of the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action and agree to explore cooperation in the field of human rights.
23、我们欢迎纪念世界人权大会和维也纳宣言及行动计划二十周年,同意在人权领域探讨合作。24. We commend the efforts of the international community and acknowledge the central role of the African Union (AU) and its Peace and Security Council in conflict resolution in Africa. We call upon the UNSC to enhance cooperation with the African Union, and its Peace and Security Council, pursuant to UNSC resolutions in this regard. We express our deep concern with instability stretching from North Africa, in particular the Sahel, and the Gulf of Guinea. We also remain concerned about reports of deterioration in humanitarian conditions in some countries.
24、我们赞赏国际社会解决非洲冲突的努力,承认非盟及其和平和安全理事会在此方面发挥的中心作用。我们呼吁联合国安理会根据有关决议加强同非盟及其和平和安全理事会的合作。我们深为关注北非特别是萨赫勒地区以及几内亚湾的不稳定局势。我们也对一些国家人道主义状况恶化的报道依然感到关切。25. We welcome the appointment of the new Chairperson of the AU Commission as an affirmation of the leadership of women. (more)
25、我们欢迎非盟委员会任命新主席,这表明了女性的领导作用。26. We express our deep concern with the deterioration of the security and humanitarian situation in Syria and condemn the increasing violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law as a result of continued violence. We believe that the Joint Communique of the Geneva Action Group provides a basis for resolution of the Syrian crisis and reaffirm our opposition to any further militarization of the conflict. A Syrian-led political process leading to a transition can be achieved only through broad national dialogue that meets the legitimate aspirations of all sections of Syrian society and respect for Syrian independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty as expressed by the Geneva Joint Communique and appropriate UNSC resolutions. We support the efforts of the UN-League of Arab States Joint Special Representative. In view of the deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Syria, we call upon all parties to allow and facilitate immediate, safe, full and unimpeded access to humanitarian organizations to all in need of assistance. We urge all parties to ensure the safety of humanitarian workers.
26、我们对叙利亚安全和人道主义形势的恶化表示深度关切,谴责持续暴力冲突造成违反人权和国际人道主义法的行为持续增加。我们相信日内瓦行动小组联合公报为解决叙利亚危机奠定了基础,重申反对任何使冲突进一步军事化的行为。只有通过满足叙利亚社会所有阶层合理意愿的广泛国内对话,并按照日内瓦联合公报及安理会相关决议尊重叙利亚独立、主权、领土完整,由叙利亚人民主导的政治过渡才能实现。我们支持联合国-阿盟联合特别代表为此做出的努力。鉴于叙利亚人道主义形势的恶化,我们呼吁各方确保并协助需要援助的人能够从人道主义组织获得迅速、安全、充足和顺畅的帮助。我们敦促各方确保人道主义工作者的人身安全。27. We welcome the admission of Palestine as an Observer State to the United Nations. We are concerned at the lack of progress in the Middle East Peace Process and call on the international community to assist both Israel and Palestine to work towards a two-state solution with a contiguous and economically viable Palestinian state, existing side by side in peace with Israel, within internationally recognized borders, based on those existing on 4 June 1967, with East Jerusalem as its capital. We are deeply concerned about the construction of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, which is a violation of international law and harmful to the peace process. In recalling the primary responsibility of the UNSC in maintaining international peace and security, we note the importance that the Quartet reports regularly to the Council about its efforts, which should contribute to concrete progress.
27、我们欢迎巴勒斯坦成为联合国观察员国。我们对中东和平进程缺乏进展表示关切,呼吁国际社会推动以色列和巴勒斯坦为实现“两国方案”而做出努力,以1967年边界为基础,划定国际公认边界,建立以东耶路撒冷为首都、与以色列和平共处、经济上可自立的巴勒斯坦国。我们对在巴勒斯坦被占领土上兴建以色列定居点表示深切关注。这既违反了国际法也将危害和平进程。忆及联合国安理会在维护国际和平和安全方面承担主要职责,我们注意到四方机制定期向安理会报告的重要性,这种做法应有助于促进取得实际进展。
