世界银行承认发达经济体对全球化不满

An internal briefing document seen by the BBC says the effects of globalisation on advanced economies is "often uneven" and "may have led to rising wage inequality".

据BBC获得的一份内部简报文件称，全球化对发达经济体的影响“经常是不平衡的”、并且“有可能导致了收入不平等程度的加深”。

The bank, which provides loans to developing countries, also says that "adjustment costs", such as helping people who have lost their jobs, have been higher than expected.

向发展中国家提供贷款的世界银行同样表示，调整的代价，比如帮助那些失业的人，比预期的要高。

Dr Jim Kim, the head of the World Bank, told the BBC that he understood why people were angry in advanced economies despite the fact that free trade was one of the "most powerful" drivers of growth and prosperity.

世界银行行长金墉博士在接受BBC采访时表示，尽管自由贸易是全球增长的最有力的引擎，但发达经济体民众对全球化感到不满可以理解。

"I hear them and they are saying that my life is not better than my parents and my children's life does not look like it's going to be better than mine," he told me.

他对我说道：“我听他们说过，他们的感觉是：我的生活水平低于父辈，而且子女一代的生活水平似乎还会更差。”

"So there is a real concern but the answer is to have more robust social security programmes, so you have a safety net. And then you need to get serious about getting the skills you need for the jobs of the future."

“因此这种担忧真实存在。但解决的办法只有提供更加有效的社会保障，建起社会安全网络，大家一起认真考虑如何为了将来的工作掌握新技能。”

Dr Kim said that 20% of jobs lost in advanced economies could be linked to trade, with the rest down to automation and the need for new skills.

金墉称，发达经济体20%的工作岗位损失是由全球化和自由贸易所导致，其它的则要“归咎于”自动计数和对新技能的需求。

He said governments needed to do more to support those who had lost their jobs.

他认为政府需要为失业者提供更多支持。

The document, written by World Bank economists, does say that "trade has played a powerful role in creating jobs and contributing to rising incomes in advanced economies", as well as in emerging economies.

世行经济学家们撰写的这份文件认为，贸易在创造就业机会和促进发达经济体收入增长方面发挥了强大的作用，在新兴经济体中亦是如此。

But it highlights problems that have been created.

但是它同样指出了一些出现的问题。

"Recent evidence for the US suggests that adjustment costs for those employed in sectors exposed to import competition from China are much higher than previously thought," the document says.

这份文件指出：“美国最近的事例表明，对于那些在和中国竞争的行业里的从业人员来说，调整的代价要比之前所设想的高得多。”

"While trade may have contributed to rising inequality in high income economies, so has technological change and the weakening of institutions that used to represent the interests of labour.

“而自由贸易可能导致一些高收入国家不平等程度上升，技术升级以及代表工人利益的劳工组织功能弱化也是重要原因。”

"Given overall efficiency gains, the dislocation effects of trade in advanced economies must be addressed through stronger safety nets and enhanced skills and flexible labour markets."

“尽管整体效率有所提高，但自由贸易在发达经济体带来了重新安置问题，这些问题需要通过更加强大的社会保障网络和更有弹性的劳动力市场来解决。”