《美食祈祷和恋爱》Chapter 76 (171):巴厘岛的宗教仪式

Religious ceremonies are of paramount importance here in Bali (an island, don't forget, with seven unpredictable volcanoes on it—you would pray, too). It has been estimated that a typical Balinese woman spends one-third of her waking hours either preparing for a cere-mony, participating in a ceremony or cleaning up after a ceremony. Life here is a constant cycle of offerings and rituals. You must perform them all, in correct order and with the correct intention, or the entire universe will fall out of balance. Margaret Mead wrote about "the in-credible busy-ness" of the Balinese, and it's true—there is rarely an idle moment in a Balinese compound. There are ceremonies here which must be performed five times a day and others that must be performed once a day, once a week, once a month, once a year, once every ten years, once every hundred years, once every thousand years. All these dates and rituals are kept organized by the priests and holy men, who consult a byzantine system of three separ-ate calendars.

宗教仪式在巴厘岛至关重要（别忘了，此岛有七座变幻莫测的火山——你也免不了要拜佛脚）。据估计，典型的巴厘岛女人整天有三分之一时间花在准备仪式、参与仪式，或仪式结束后清理仪式的工作上。这儿的生活是献祭与仪式的恒常循环。你必须顺序正确且动机正确地操作这一切，否则整个宇宙将失去平衡。人类学家米德（MargaretMead）写过巴厘岛人"难以置信的忙碌"，完全没错——巴厘人家少有偷闲时光。这儿有必须每天举办五次的仪式，还有必须一天、一星期、一个月、一年、每十年、每百年、每千年举办一次的仪式。这些日期与仪式皆由祭司与圣者参照三套复杂历法组织而成。

There are thirteen major rites of passage for every human being in Bali, each marked by a highly organized ceremony. Elaborate spiritual appeasement ceremonies are conducted all throughout life, in order to protect the soul from the 108 vices (108—there's that number again!), which include such spoilers as violence, stealing, laziness and lying. Every Balinese child passes through a momentous puberty ceremony in which the canine teeth, or "fangs," are filed down to a flat level, for aesthetic improvement. The worst thing you can be in Bali is coarse and animalistic, and these fangs are considered to be reminders of our more brutal natures and therefore must go. It is dangerous in such a close-knit culture for people to be brutal. A village's entire web of cooperation could be sliced through by one person's murder-ous intent. Therefore the best thing you can be in Bali is alus, which means "refined," or even "prettified." Beauty is good in Bali, for men and women. Beauty is revered. Beauty is safety. Children are taught to approach all hardship and discomfort with "a shining face," a giant smile.

巴厘岛上的每个人都有十三大过渡仪式，每个仪式都有个高度组织的典礼。心灵抚慰仪典终其一生都在举行，为了让心灵免受一〇八种罪行的侵害（又是"108"这数字），包括暴力、偷窃、懒惰、说谎等这些缺点，巴厘岛的每个孩子都得通过一场重大的青春期仪式，让犬牙或"尖牙"磨平，以增进美感。在巴厘岛人看来，粗俗与兽性是最糟的事，尖牙被视为是一个提醒，提醒我们的野蛮天性，因此必须去除。在这个组织严密的文化中做野蛮人是危险的事。某人的杀人意图足以破坏整个村子的合作之网。因此在巴厘岛最好做个"alus"，即"有教养"或"美化过"的人。在巴厘岛，美是好事，无论男女。美受人尊崇。美安全无虞。儿童即要学会在面临痛苦时"面带笑容"。

The whole idea of Bali is a matrix, a massive and invisible grid of spirits, guides, paths and customs. Every Balinese knows exactly where he or she belongs, oriented within this great, intangible map. Just look at the four names of almost every Balinese citizen—First, Second, Third, Fourth—reminding them all of when they were born in the family, and where they be-long. You couldn't have a clearer social mapping system if you called your kids North, South, East and West. Mario, my new Italian-Indonesian friend, told me that he is only happy when he can maintain himself—mentally and spiritually—at the intersection between a vertical line and horizontal one, in a state of perfect balance. For this, he needs to know exactly where he is located at every moment, both in his relationship to the divine and to his family here on earth. If he loses that balance, he loses his power.

整个巴厘岛是个矩阵，由圣灵、指引、道路与习俗组成的庞大组织。每个巴厘岛人都清楚自己的归属，在这幅庞大无形的地图内确定其方向。只要看看几乎每个巴厘人民的四个名字——老大、老二、老三、老四——提醒每个人自己在家中的出生时间和所属位置即可知晓。即便把孩子叫做东、南、西、北，也不会比这种社会分类系统更清楚。我的意式印尼朋友马里奥告诉我，只有让自己的心灵和精神保持在垂直线和水平线的交点处，处于完美的平衡状态时，他才感到快乐。为此，他必须时时明白自己位在何处，无论与神或与家人之间的关系。倘若失去平衡，便失去力量。