环境因素会导致注意力缺陷多动障碍?

Although the majority of research shows that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is hereditary, a growing body of research suggests that childhood exposure to certain environmental factors may increase the risk and symptoms of ADHD. Understanding all of the factors that contribute to ADHD is difficult. There is no test that can accurately diagnose a patient with the disorder; but following a healthy lifestyle and avoiding certain environmental toxins may decrease the symptoms of ADHD in children.
尽管大部分研究表明注意力注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是遗传的，但是越来越多的研究表明儿童所处的一定的环境因素会增加患上ADHD的风险及其症状。了解所有引起ADHD的原因是很困难的。虽然没有诊断患上该疾病的精确方法，但是拥有健康的生活方式和避免环境的毒素可以减少孩子的ADHD症状。

What environmental factors may reduce your risk?
什么环境因素可以减少你的患病风险呢？

Toxins in pregnancy:
Pregnant women who are exposed to environmental toxins like tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs may reduce the activity of vital nerve cells (neurons) which produce neurotransmitters in their baby’s brain. This reduction may increase the risk of having a baby born with ADHD. Along with a healthy diet, pregnant women should be mindful of the environmental factors they’re exposed to during pregnancy to give their baby the best start in life.
怀孕时的毒素
女性怀孕时接触到如烟，酒精和违法药品这些环境毒素，就会降低腹中婴儿产生神经传导物质的主要神经细胞的活跃性。这种降低会增加婴儿生来就患有ADHD的风险。除了健康的饮食，怀孕女性应该关注她们所处的环境因素，给她们的宝宝最好的人生开端。

Food additives:
Kids who eat a wholesome diet may be far less hyperactive than their peers who consume a highly-processed diet. Health professionals have long debated the link between ADHD and diet; but only recently has the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stepped in to evaluate the theory. In 2010, the European Union placed warning labels on food that contained six food dyes and the Food Standards Agency in Great Britain has asked manufacturers to phase out their use of the dyes. In the United States, the FDA is interested in studying Yellow No. 5, which can be found in processed macaroni-and-cheese mixes, some sports drinks, and high-sugar cereals, among other food additives.
食品添加剂
拥有健康饮食的小孩比那些拥有高度加工饮食的同龄人更少亢奋。健康专家长期以来就争论ADHD跟饮食之间的联系，但是最近，美国食品及药品管理局才介入鉴定这个理论。2010年，欧盟对含有6种食用染料的食品贴上警示标志，英国食品标准局也要求制造商逐步取消使用染料。美国食品及药品管理局对研究黄色5号这种染料很有兴趣，它是在加工通心粉和乳酪的混合物，一些运动饮料，高糖谷类食品和其他食品添加剂中发现的。

Childhood exposure to toxins:
Poor living conditions with exposure to lead paint and rusted pipes may contribute to a short attention span and hyperactivity in kids. In a 2007 study by Michigan State University, kids who had ADHD had higher levels of lead in their blood. Elevated lead levels may make it harder for the brain to develop, thus making it hard for children to regulate their self control. Ensuring a healthy living environment, free from lead and harmful materials, may help kids lead a life free from ADHD symptoms.
童年时期接触到毒素
接触到铅涂料和生锈的水管这些恶劣的生活条件会导致小孩注意力短暂和过度活跃。密西根州立大学2007年所做的研究表明，患有ADHD的孩子血液中含有更多的铅。上升的铅含量使得大脑更难发育，因而孩子更难调节自我控制能力。确保一个免受铅和有害物质危害的健康生活环境可以帮助孩子过上一个没有ADHD症状的生活。

Sometimes, staying free of harmful environmental factors can be difficult. But following a healthy diet and maintaining a safe home can contribute to healthy kids and possibly reduce the effects of ADHD.
有时，避免有害环境是很困难的。但是拥有一个健康的饮食和保持家庭安全可以保证孩子健康并降低ADHD的影响。

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