舌尖上的美国(51):生病的说法(上)

最近寒流来袭、天气变化很大，很多朋友都生病了，你知道英文里描述“生病”有25种说法吗？

1. have：表示“生病”，后常跟表示疾病的名词，是最通俗的说法，多用于口语。
例句：As I remember, my brother and sister both had severe asthmatic attacks in the childhood.
我记得，我弟弟和妹妹小时候都得过严重的哮喘病。

2. take/catch：均可表示“生病”，且含有“感染”之意。美国人多用take，英国人多用catch。
例句：Mary takes cold easily. 玛丽易患感冒。

3. contract：较正式的“生病”用语，常用于书面语。
例句：The patient may contract appendicitis, in which case a surgical intervention should be considered.
该病人可能患有阑尾炎，在这种情况下就得考虑手术处理。

4. get：常作“生病”讲，后接表示疾病的名词。
例句：I think she's got epidemic meningitis.
我怀疑她得了流行性脑膜炎。

5. suffer from：常用来表示“患病”，后接疾病名词，多用于医生与病人的交谈之中。
例句：Is there anybody in your family who has suffered from the same eye disease as you?
你家中还有没有人得过跟你一样的眼病？

6. (be) ill with：如表示“患……病”的时候后面须跟with，多见于英式英语。
例句：The patient is ill with influenza.
病人患流行性感冒。

7. (be) sick with：多用于美式英语，与be ill with可以相互替换，但sick with不能改为sick of。
例句：The doctor told me that I was sick(ill) with hypertension.
医生说我患有高血压。

8. fall ill(sick) with; fall ill(sick)：表示“患……病”时，后面须加with。
例句：Jackie fell ill with a fever last week and has been in bed ever since.
杰克上星期发烧，一直躺在床上。

9. be seized with：一般表示“突然患……病”。
例句：The patient was seized with apoplexy yesterday afternoon.
病人昨天下午忽患中风。

10. be attacked with：基本意是“为……疾病所侵袭”，常译成“患……病”。
例句：Attacked with acute myocardial infraction, the patient was warded for a week in hospital.
病人患急性心肌梗塞后，在医院里监护了一个星期。

11. be troubled with：意为“患……病”。
例句：The patient troubled with constipation should have enough sleep, regular time for meal and proper mastication of food. 便秘病人应有足够的睡眠，进食定时，对于食物要细嚼慢咽。

12. be vulnerable to：一般常用来表示“易患……病”。
例句：Fibres from the macular region of the retina are particularly vulnerable to inflammation.
视网膜斑区的纤维特别易患炎症。