双语畅销书《我是马拉拉》第7章:穆夫提(2)

Jinnah had lived in London as a young man and trained as a barrister. He wanted a land of tolerance. Our people often quote the famous speech he made a few days before independence: ‘You are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed – that has nothing to do with the business of the state.’ My father says the problem is that Jinnah negotiated a piece of real estate for us but not a state. He died of tuberculosis just a year after the creation of Pakistan and we haven’t stopped fighting since. We have had three wars against India and what seems like endless killing inside our own country.

真纳年轻的时候住在伦敦，接受过律师的训练。他希望这里变成一个懂得包容的国家。我们常常引用他在独立前几天的一场演讲里说的话：“在巴基斯坦这个国家，你可以自由地去庙宇，可以自由地去清真寺，或任何你想去的地方进行朝拜。你可以信仰任何宗教，可以来自任何阶层，可以信仰任何信条或教义，这与国家一点关系都没有。”父亲说，问题出在真纳为我们争取了一块“土地”，而不是一个“国家”。真纳在巴基斯坦建国后一年，因为肺结核过世了。从那时候开始，我们的国家便没有停止过战争。除了与印度的三次战争，国内也存在着看似永无止境的杀戮。

We Muslims are split between Sunnis and Shias – we share the same fundamental beliefs and the same Holy Quran but we disagree over who was the right person to lead our religion when the Prophet died in the seventh century. The man chosen to be the leader or caliph was Abu Bakr, a close friend and adviser of the Prophet and the man he chose to lead prayers as he lay on his deathbed. ‘Sunni’ comes from the Arabic for ‘one who follows the traditions of the Prophet’. But a smaller group believed that leadership should have stayed within the Prophet’s family and that Ali, his son-in-law and cousin, should have taken over. They became known as Shias, shortened from Shia-t-Ali, the Party of Ali.

穆斯林分为逊尼派和什叶派。我们拥有共同的基本信仰，以及同一本《古兰经》，但我们在公元7世纪先知过世以后，对于到底该由谁领导我们的信仰这件事上，无法达成共识。被选为领导人，或称哈里发的人，名叫阿布·伯克尔，他是先知的好友，也是先知的顾问，同时也是先知在去世之前指定的接班人。“逊尼派”一词来自阿拉伯语，意为：“遵从先知的传统”。但有一小群人认为领导权应该要传给先知家族的人，所以阿里——他的女婿，同时也是堂弟——应该要接管这个权力。这群人后来成了什叶派，是Shia-t-Ali的缩写，意思是“阿里的党派”。

Every year Shias commemorate the killing of the Prophet’s grandson Hussein Ibn Ali at the battle of Karbala in the year 680 with a festival called Muharram. They whip themselves into a bloody frenzy with metal chains or razor blades on strings until the streets run red. One of my father’s friends is a Shia and he cries whenever he talks about Hussein’s death at Karbala. He gets so emotional you would think the events had happened just the night before, not more than 1,300 years ago. Our own founder, Jinnah, was a Shia, and Benazir Bhutto’s mother was also a Shia from Iran.

什叶派每年都会在穆哈兰节纪念先知之孙侯赛因·伊本·阿里被杀害的日子，他死于公元680年卡尔巴拉的战斗中。他们会疯狂地用金属制的链条，或用绳子绑着刀片，把自己鞭打得浑身是血，直到街道都被染成了鲜红色。父亲有个什叶派的朋友，每次讲到侯赛因在卡尔巴拉被杀害的事都会哭泣。他的激动程度会让你以为这不是发生在1300年前的事，而是昨晚才刚发生。我们的国父真纳也是什叶派的，贝·布托的母亲是伊朗来的什叶派人。