双语畅销书《我是马拉拉》第7章:穆夫提(1)

7 The Mufti Who Tried to Close Our School

7　想让学校关门大吉的穆夫提

JUST IN FRONT of the school on Khushal Street, where I was born, was the house of a tall handsome mullah and his family. His name was Ghulamullah and he called himself a mufti, which means he is an Islamic scholar and authority on Islamic law, though my father complains that anyone with a turban can call themselves a maulana or mufti.

我出生的地方，也就是在学校前面的胡沙尔街上，有一栋屋子里住着一位又高又帅的毛拉一家人。他的名字是贾兰穆拉罕，他自称自己是一位穆夫提[1]。不过我父亲对于每个头上有缠头布的人都自称毛拉或穆夫提的状况颇为反感。

She refused and her son came to my father in secret. ‘This maulana is starting a campaign against you,’ he warned. ‘We won’t give him the building but be careful.’

房东太太拒绝了他，她儿子还偷偷地来找我父亲。“贾兰穆拉罕已经开始鼓吹反对你了。”他警告道，“我们不会把大楼租给他，但是你们还是要小心。”

My father was angry. ‘Just as we say, “Nim hakim khatrai jan” – “Half a doctor is a danger to one’s life,” so, “Nim mullah khatrai iman” – “A mullah who is not fully learned is a danger to faith”,’ he said.

父亲大为光火，他说：“这就是我们说的‘半吊子的医生危害的是性命，而半吊子的毛拉危害的是信仰’。”

I am proud that our country was created as the world’s first Muslim homeland, but we still don’t agree on what this means. The Quran teaches us sabar – patience – but often it feels that we have forgotten the word and think Islam means women sitting at home in purdah or wearing burqas while men do jihad. We have many strands of Islam in Pakistan. Our founder Jinnah wanted the rights of Muslims in India to be recognised, but the majority of people in India were Hindu. It was as if there was a feud between two brothers and they agreed to live in different houses. So British India was divided in August 1947, and an independent Muslim state was born. It could hardly have been a bloodier beginning. Millions of Muslims crossed from India, and Hindus travelled in the other direction. Almost two million of them were killed trying to cross the new border. Many were slaughtered on trains which arrived at Lahore and Delhi full of bloodied corpses. My own grandfather narrowly escaped death in the riots when his train was attacked by Hindus on his way home from Delhi, where he had been studying. Now we are a country of 180 million and more than 96 per cent are Muslim. We also have around two million Christians and more than two million Ahmadis, who say they are Muslims though our government says they are not. Sadly those minority communities are often attacked.

我很骄傲我的国家是世界上第一个伊斯兰国家，但对其含义，我们其实并未达成共识。《古兰经》教导我们要忍耐，但我们常常忘记这个词，以为伊斯兰教的意思就是要妇女闭门不出或是穿上罩袍，而男人们则去当圣战士。在巴基斯坦，我们有很多伊斯兰准则。我们的国父真纳想要为在印度的穆斯林争取权利，但印度大多数是印度教徒。这就好像是兄弟闹翻了以后，决定分住在不同的地方。所以，1947年8月，英属印度一分为二，而独立的伊斯兰国家就此诞生。这实在是血腥的序曲。数百万穆斯林横越印度来到这里，而印度教徒则搬到另一边去。信仰的差异引发了很多争端。祖父从家里出发前往德里上学的火车遭到印度教徒攻击，他在千钧一发之际逃过一劫。现在，巴基斯坦有1.8亿人口，超过96%是穆斯林。我们还有约200万基督徒人口，和超过200万的艾哈迈迪耶派教徒，艾哈迈迪耶派教徒自称是穆斯林，但我们的政府否定这样的说法。令人遗憾的是，这些少数族群常常是被攻击的目标。